China’s Macro-Economy in 2021 Shown in Figures

数说2021年中国宏观经济

 

Chinese Ambassador to Iran Chang Hua

驻伊朗大使常华

 

2022年1月31日

31 January 2022

 

In 2021, faced with complex domestic and international landscapes and various risks and challenges, China sustained a continuous and steady growth of the national economy, maintained a leading position in economic development and epidemic prevention and control in the world, with major indicators reaching expected targets, new strides made in building a new development pattern, and new achievements secured in high-quality development. The achievements were mainly on the six following aspects.

2021年，面对纷繁复杂的国内国际形势和各种风险挑战，中国经济发展和疫情防控双双保持全球领先地位，国民经济总体运行在合理区间，全年发展的主要目标任务已经完成，构建新发展格局迈出新步伐，高质量发展取得新成效。主要呈现以下亮点：

 

First, China’s economic growth has been in the lead worldwide, with notably increased economic strength. China’s economic growth rate ranked among the top in major economies worldwide, with the GDP of 2021 growing by 8.1% year-on-year. Its GDP reached 114.4 trillion yuan, which equals US$17.7 trillion at the yearly average exchange rate, ranked second globally and was estimated to account for more than 18% of the global economy. The per capita GDP was 80, 976 yuan, amounting to US$12, 551 at the yearly average exchange rate. At the end of 2021, China’s foreign exchange reserves stood at more than US$3.2 trillion, the largest in the world.

第一，经济增长国际领先，经济实力显著增强。2021年，中国国内生产总值比上年增长8.1%，经济增速在全球主要经济体中名列前茅；经济总量达114.4万亿元人民币，突破110万亿元人民币，按年平均汇率折算，达17.7万亿美元，占全球经济的比重预计超过18%，稳居世界第二。人均国内生产总值80976元人民币，按年平均汇率折算，达12551美元。外汇储备余额连续8个月保持在3.2万亿美元以上，年末外汇储备余额3.25万亿美元，稳居世界第一。

 

Second, the national economy has continued to recover, meeting all major projected goals. In 2021, the GDP growth rate was higher than the projected target of 6%, which demonstrated stable economic performance. Employment was stable too. In 2021, 12.69 million new jobs in urban areas were created, meeting the expected target of more than 11 million. The surveyed urban unemployment rate was 5.1%, lower than the target of around 5.5%. The consumption price rose mildly. The CPI in 2021 increased by 0.9% year-on-year, lower than the target of around 3%. The growth of resident income was basically in line with the economic expansion. The per capita disposable income of Chinese citizens rose 8.1% from the previous year, meeting the target of scoring a steady increase in personal income. The grain output reached a record high. Last year’s total grain output was 680 million tons, remaining above 650 million tons for seven consecutive years.

第二，国民经济持续恢复，主要预期目标全面实现。2021年，经济增速为8.1%，高于6%以上的预期目标，反映出经济运行总体平稳。就业总体稳定，2021年城镇新增就业1269万人，达到1100万人以上的预期目标；全国城镇调查失业率平均为5.1%，低于5.5%左右的预期目标。消费价格温和上涨，2021年居民消费价格比上年上涨0.9%，低于3%左右的预期目标。居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步，2021年全国居民人均可支配收入比上年实际增长8.1%，达到居民收入稳步增长的要求。粮食产量再创新高，2021年粮食总产量6.8亿吨，连续7年保持在1.3万亿斤以上。

 

Third, the innovation momentum has been intensified with the rapid growth of the industrial manufacturing industry. In 2021, the national spending on R&D increased by 14.2%, 4 percentage points higher than the growth rate last year. The spending on R&D accounted for 2.44% of the GDP, 0.03 percentage points up than last year. The total value-added by industrial enterprises rose by 9.6%, 1.5 percentage points higher than the growth rate of GDP.

第三，创新动能有效增强，工业制造业较快增长。2021年，全社会研究与试验发展经费支出比上年增长14.2%，增速比上年加快4个百分点；研发经费支出与GDP之比达到2.44%，比上年提高0.03个百分点。2021年，全部工业增加值比上年增长9.6%，高于GDP增长1.5个百分点。

 

Fourth, foreign trade and investment have grown rapidly, and opening up has been continuously expanded. In 2021, China’s total goods imports and exports expanded 21.4% year-on-year to 39.1 trillion yuan. The surplus of the imports and exports of goods expanded 20.4% year-on-year and total export volume and international market share reached a record high, achieving steady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports. The imports and exports of general trade made up 61.6% of the total trade volume, up by 1.6 percentage points year-on-year. Trade in services has continued to recover. From January to November 2021, the total trade in services increased by 14.7% year-on-year, with services exports up by 31.5%. The investment attracted set a new record. The actual utilized foreign capital in 2021 was 1.15 trillion yuan, up by 14.9%.

第四，外贸外资快速增长，对外开放不断扩大。2021年货物进出口总额为39.1万亿人民币，比上一年增长21.4%，顺差比上年扩大20.4%，出口规模和国际市场份额创新高，达到进出口量稳质升的要求。一般贸易进出口额占进出口总额比重达61.6%，比上年提高1.6个百分点。服务贸易继续恢复，2021年1-11月份，服务进出口总额同比增长14.7%，其中服务出口增长31.5%。引资规模再创新高，2021年实际使用外资1.15万亿元人民币，同比增长14.9%。

 

Fifth, the reform on the economic system has continued to deepen, further unleashing development vitality. At the end of 2021, the total number of market entities in China exceeded 150 million. Among the industries above designated size in 2021, value-added by enterprises with state-held controlling stakes, corporate enterprises, private enterprises, and foreign, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan invested enterprises increased by 8.0%, 9.8%, 10.2%, and 8.9% respectively. Rapid growth has been made in new industries, new business forms, and new models. In 2021, the value-added by high-tech manufacturing enterprises above designated size increased by 18.2% year-on-year, 8.6 percentage points higher than that of the industries above designated size. The online retail sales of physical goods increased by 12%, accounting for 24.5% of the total retail sales of consumer goods.

第五，经济体制改革继续深化，发展活力进一步激发。2021年末，中国市场主体总量超过1.5亿户，规模以上工业中，国有控股企业、股份制企业、私营企业、外商及港澳台商投资企业增加值分别比上年增长8.0%、9.8%、10.2%、8.9%。新产业新业态新模式快速增长，2021年规模以上高技术制造业增加值比上年增长18.2%，快于规模以上工业8.6个百分点；实物商品网上零售额增长12.0%，占社会消费品零售总额的比重达24.5%。

 

Sixth, efforts to ensure people’s livelihoods have been firm and effective, increasing people’s sense of fulfillment. In 2021, Chinese citizens’ net income from wages and salaries, net business income, and net property income grew by 9.6%, 11.0%, and 10.2%, respectively. As a result, the urban-rural income gap has been narrowed. The production and sales of basic consumption goods in 2021 have seen steady growth. The value-added by the consumer goods manufacturing industry above designated size increased by 9.8% year-on-year. The investment to improve living standards has expanded. The investment in social sectors increased by 10.7% year-on-year. Specifically, education and public health investment grew by 11.7% and 24.5% respectively.

第六，民生保障有力有效，人民群众获得感增强。居民收入较快增长。2021年，全国居民人均工资性收入、经营净收入、财产净收入分别比上年名义增长9.6%、11.0%、10.2%。城乡居民收入差距缩小。基本消费品产销稳定增长，2021年规模以上消费品制造业增加值比上年增长9.8%。民生投入继续加大，2021年社会领域投资比上年增长10.7%，其中教育、卫生投资分别增长11.7%、24.5%。

 

The world has seen an unusual year of 2021, and also witnessed the miracle of China’s economic growth in 2021. Chinese economy has been serving as the bedrock and stabilizer of world economic recovery and stability. China has also become the mainstays for the global fight against the epidemic and the promotion of multi-polar development. In the upcoming year of 2022, the stable growth momentum of Chinese economy will remain unchanged and the level of opening up will be higher.

全世界走过了极不平凡的2021年，也见证了中国经济增长的奇迹。中国经济已经成为支撑世界经济复苏与稳定的压舱石和推进器，中国也成为全球抗击疫情和推动多极化发展的中坚力量。展望2022年，中国经济稳步前行趋势不会改变，对外开放的力度将进一步增强。

 

Not long ago, during his visit to China, Iranian Foreign Minister His Excellency Mr. Hossein Amir-Abdollahian and Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi jointly announced the launch of the implementation of the Comprehensive Cooperation Plan. In the future, the practical cooperation between the two countries in various fields will be further expanded and the level of cooperation will be further lifted. China is ready to work with Iran to advance high-quality “Belt and Road” cooperation, strive for more early harvests, and to better benefit our two peoples.

不久前，伊朗外长阿卜杜拉希扬访华期间，与中国国务委员兼外长王毅共同宣布启动两国全面合作计划落实工作。未来两国各领域务实合作必将进一步拓展，合作水平必将进一步提升。中国愿与伊朗一道，共同推进高质量“一带一路”建设，争取取得更多早期收获，更好地造福两国人民。