双语:中国共产党建党百年外交思想的精髓
发布时间:2021年11月09日
发布人:nanyuzi  

Essence of CPC’s Thought on Diplomacy During Its 100-Year Journey

中国共产党建党百年外交思想的精髓

 

Chinese Ambassador to Sudan Ma Xinmin Publishes an Signature Article

驻苏丹大使马新民在《褐色大地报》发表署名文章

 

27 July 2021

2021年7月27日

 

On July 1 this year, the Communist Party of China (CPC) celebrated its founding centenary. In retrospect, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping in succession, the CPC has identified, step by step, a set of thoughts and ideas on China’s distinctive major-country diplomacy, whereby China’s diplomatic work has broken the waves and scored splendid achievements.

今年7月1日,中国共产党迎来了自己的100岁生日。回顾建党百年光辉历程,中国共产党在毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛、习近平为首的党中央的领导下,在革命、建设、改革和中国特色社会主义的伟大实践中,逐步形成了一套具有中国特色的大国外交思想理念,领航中国外交乘风破浪、开创辉煌。

 

Adhering to independence. Independence serves as the cornerstone of the CPC’s thought on diplomacy. Since its inception, the CPC has taken as its mission to fight for national independence and liberation of the people, and struggled against imperialism to realize the independence of the Chinese nation. After the People’s Republic of China was founded, the CPC, as the ruling party, has devoted itself to establishing diplomatic relations based on sovereign equality. To do away with the old China’s diplomacy, the newborn country then adopted the principles of “starting anew” and “putting the house in order before inviting guests”, and abolished the unequal treaties imposed by western powers on China and their privileges in the country. This put an end to the over a century of humiliating diplomacy of old China, and laid the foundations for the independent foreign policy adopted by China thereafter.

一是坚持独立自主。独立自主是中国共产党外交思想的基石。中国共产党建党伊始就以争取国家独立和民族解放为己任,把反对帝国主义、实现中华民族独立作为奋斗目标。新中国成立后,中国共产党作为执政党,致力于建立主权平等的外交关系,建国之初对待旧中国外交采取“另起炉灶”“打扫干净屋子再请客”方针,废除西方列强强加给中国的不平等条约及其在华特权,结束了旧中国一百多年来的屈辱外交史,为新中国独立自主外交奠定基石。

 

The CPC always follows an independent foreign policy and the principles of sovereign equality and non-interference in internal affairs. It makes the task of maintaining national independence, sovereignty, security and dignity its top priority, and combats imperialism, colonialism, hegemonism, power politics and illegal interference. It won the great victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and innovatively proposed the concept of “One Country, Two Systems” in resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and Macao. In response to any attempt of external forces to interfere in China’s internal affairs or infringe upon China’s interests by the use of issues of core interest related to Taiwan, Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Tibet, sea or human rights, the CPC is resolved to fight back with countermeasures to defend national sovereignty and security and the country’s development interests, and will never compromise on these issues.

中国共产党始终坚持独立自主的外交政策,坚持主权平等原则和不干涉内政原则,始终把维护国家独立、主权、安全、尊严放在首位,反对帝国主义、殖民主义、霸权主义、强权政治和非法干涉,赢得了抗美援朝战争伟大胜利,创造性地提出“一国两制”构想,恢复对香港、澳门行使主权。对任何外部势力利用台湾、涉港、涉疆、涉藏、涉海、人权等涉及中国核心利益的问题,干涉中国内政或损害中国利益的言行进行坚决斗争和反制,坚定捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益,没有任何妥协退让的余地。

 

In international relations, the CPC advocates mutual respect for and attention to each other’s core interests and major concern, and respects every country’s right to select its development path and social systems independently. In handling international affairs, the CPC always acts in the interests of the people of China and the rest of the world, determines its position and policies on the merits of each matter, and never yields to any pressure from outside.

在国际关系中,中国共产党坚持相互尊重和照顾彼此核心利益和重大关切,尊重各国自主选择发展道路和社会制度的权利。对国际事务,中国共产党从中国人民和世界人民的根本利益出发,根据事情本身的是非曲直,决定自己的立场和政策,不屈从任何外来压力。

 

Pursuing peaceful development. Peaceful development is what China’s diplomacy is oriented toward. Under the leadership of the CPC, the Chinese people have embarked on a new path of peaceful development that is intended for prosperity and strength rather than for hegemony. China neither follows in the footsteps of old powers to seek development through hegemonic expansion, nor accepts the law that emerging powers are destined to seek hegemony. Instead, China has been playing its part in maintaining global peace. After the outbreak of the War Against Japanese Aggression, the CPC led the Chinese people in winning a great victory after 14 years of strenuous struggle and tremendous sacrifice, which is a significant contribution to safeguarding world peace. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the CPC has been expressly advocating and upholding the five principles of peaceful coexistence, and following the foreign policy of peace it established. Such principles and policy have been enshrined in the Constitution of the CPC and the Constitution of the nation.

二是践行和平发展。走和平发展道路是中国外交的根本方向。中国共产党领导人民走出了一条强而不霸的和平发展新路,既改写了昔日大国霸权扩张的发展逻辑,也改写了大国崛起后称王称霸的历史宿命,为维护世界和平增添了中国力量。抗日战争时期,中国共产党领导中国人民进行14年浴血奋战取得伟大胜利,为捍卫世界和平作出重大贡献。新中国成立以来,中国共产党旗帜鲜明倡导和坚持和平共处五项原则,确立和奉行和平外交政策,并将之郑重载入党章和宪法。

 

The CPC firmly believes that all countries are equal, regardless of their size, strength and wealth. It opposes ideological lines and upholds peaceful coexistence with other countries and their political parties. On the basis of dialogue, non-confrontation and non-alliance, the CPC has established relations with over 600 political parties and organizations in more than 160 countries and regions, and strives to forge partnerships worldwide. With the belief that disputes over territorial and maritime rights and interests with neighboring countries must be settled through negotiation and consultation, China has resolved border issues by peaceful means with 12 countries among all 14 ones bordering China.

中国共产党坚持国家不分大小、强弱、贫富一律平等,不以意识形态划线,坚持与各国和各政党和平共处,奉行“对话不对抗、结伴不结盟”,同世界160个国家和地区的600多个政党和政治组织建立联系,努力建设覆盖全球的伙伴关系。中国坚持通过谈判协商处理与周边国家的领土和海洋权益争端,已同14个陆地邻国中的12个和平解决边界问题。

 

The CPC implements the defense policy that is defensive in nature. In its 72 years in power, it has neither provoked a war or conflict, nor joined in any arms force or military bloc. It never seeks hegemony, expansion, coercion, or a sphere of influence, and remains a key force in maintaining world peace.

中国共产党奉行防御性国防政策,执政72年来从未主动挑起过任何一场战争和冲突,不参加任何军备竞赛和军事集团,坚持不称霸、不扩张、不胁迫、不谋求势力范围,始终是维护世界和平的重要力量。

 

The CPC is always a builder of world peace. China proactively participates in the resolution of major international and regional hotspot issues, and promotes peace talks between the relevant parties involved in disputes. Bearing in mind that international disputes should be settled peacefully, it calls for the resolution of disputes through dialogue, negotiation, consultation and other political means, and stands against any unfounded threat or use of force or the willful use of unilateral sanctions. It supports the role of the United Nations in leading efforts to maintain global peace and international security in accordance with the UN Charter.

中国共产党始终是世界和平的建设者,中国积极参与重大国际和地区热点问题解决,对冲突各方劝和促谈,坚持和平解决国际争端原则,倡导通过对话、谈判和协商等政治手段解决冲突,反对非法使用武力或武力威胁,反对动辄使用单边制裁。支持联合国依据《联合国宪章》在维护国际和平安全方面发挥主导作用。

 

China firmly supports and vigorously participates in UN peacekeeping missions. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has so far sent over 50,000 peacekeepers to 30 UN peacekeeping operations. It is the largest troop-contributing country among the permanent members of the UN Security Council and the second largest contributor to peacekeeping assessment, playing a constructive role in maintaining international and regional peace and stability.

中国一贯坚定支持并积极参与联合国维和行动,作为安理会常任理事国,中国迄今已参与了30项联合国维和行动,派出维和人员5万余人次,是安理会常任理事国中出兵最多的国家,也是联合国第二大维和摊款国,为维护国际和地区和平稳定发挥了建设性作用。

 

Advocating win-win cooperation. Promoting a new type of international relations that feature win-win cooperation is the basic principle for China’s diplomacy in the new era. Transcending the western theory on international relations that focuses on zero-sum game, this principle stresses efforts to replace confrontation with cooperation and monopoly with shared benefits, aiming to achieve common interests and goals among countries and providing a new model for state-to-state relations.

三是追求合作共赢。推动构建合作共赢的新型国际关系是新时代中国外交的基本原则。这一原则超越了以零和博弈为基础的西方国际关系理论,以合作取代对抗,以共赢代替独占,旨在实现国家间共同利益和目标,开启了国家间关系的新模式。

 

The CPC adheres to the win-win strategy of opening-up. It synergizes domestic development with opening up, associates China’s development with the world development, and has the interests of Chinese people tied with the common interests of people around the world, thus propelling the shared progress of all countries. Advocating joint contribution to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China has been working hard to promote policy, infrastructure, trade, financial and people-to-people connectivity between the countries and share development opportunities with those countries along the route. It proposes and follows the neighborhood diplomacy guideline that advocates amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness, and the principles of sincerity, real results, amity and good faith that guide China’s Africa policy, which will help promote the shared prosperity of neighboring countries and African countries through development. China is the first country in human history that strives for national rejuvenation by means other than aggression, predatory quests for resources, or the superiority of its civilization. This is a way of building a strong country different from the one followed by western powers.

中国共产党坚持互利共赢的开放战略,注重把国内发展与对外开放统一起来,把中国发展与世界发展联系起来,把中国人民与各国人民共同利益结合起来,不懈促进各国共同发展进步。倡导推进共建“一带一路”重大倡议,致力于推动各国政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通,为沿线各国提供发展机遇。提出了亲诚惠容的周边外交理念和真实亲诚的对非方针政策,推动与周边国家和非洲国家共同发展繁荣。中国是人类历史上第一个不以侵略、资源掠夺和文明优越等方式致力于实现民族振兴的国家,走出一条不同于西方大国的强国之路。

 

Upholding fairness and justice. Fairness and justice reflect the value of China’s diplomacy. The CPC is committed to equity and justice in international relations. With the foreign relations policy centered on stronger unity and cooperation with other developing countries, the CPC supports their just cause of fighting for and safeguarding national independence, backs their participation in international affairs on an equal footing, works to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, and stands by their side as their reliable friends and good partners.

四是坚守公平正义。公平正义是中国外交的价值追求。中国共产党坚持在国际关系中主持公道、伸张正义。始终把加强同发展中国家团结合作作为对外政策基本立足点,支持广大发展中国家争取和维护民族独立的正义事业,支持发展中国家平等参与国际事务,维护发展中国家的正当合法权益,永远做发展中国家的可靠朋友和真诚伙伴。

 

Committed to the establishment of a fairer and more equitable international political and economic order, the CPC works with other countries to make international relations more rational, democratic and law-based. It champions the vision for global governance featuring extensive consultation, joint contributions and shared benefits, stays actively engaged in reforming and developing the global governance system, and calls on the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to increase the representation of emerging markets and developing countries and give them a bigger say.

中国共产党致力于建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序,与各国携手推动国际关系合理化、民主化、法治化。秉持共商共建共享的全球治理观,维护和积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设,推动国际货币基金组织和世界银行增加新兴市场国家和发展中国家的代表权和发言权。

 

The CPC always acts as the upholder of the international order. Advocating multilateralism, the CPC firmly supports the core role of the UN in international affairs, firmly upholds the UN-centered international system, and firmly preserves the international law and international order underpinned by the UN Charter. It is resolved to defend economic globalization and safeguard the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization as the cornerstone, and is utterly opposed to unilateralism, protectionism and “long-arm jurisdiction”. The CPC advocates openness, mutual accommodation and mutual learning among civilizations, and adheres to the correct concept of justice and interests which puts righteousness first while pursuing shared interests.

中国共产党始终是国际秩序的维护者,一贯高举多边主义旗帜,坚定支持联合国在国际事务中的核心作用,坚定维护以联合国为核心的国际体系,坚定维护以《联合国宪章》为基础的国际法和国际秩序,坚定捍卫经济全球化和维护以世界贸易组织为基石的多边贸易体制,坚决反对单边主义、保护主义和“长臂管辖”。倡导开放包容、互学互鉴的文明观,奉行义利兼顾、以义为先的正确义利观。

 

Building a community with a shared future for mankind. Advancing the building of a community with a shared future for mankind is the overall goal of China’s diplomatic work in the new era. Considering the liberation of mankind a mission, the CPC has been working hard to contribute more to humanity. Since its inception, the CPC has regarded taking part in world affairs as its duty. Comrade Mao Zedong once said during the socialist revolution that China should make a considerable contribution to the mankind. In the period of socialist construction, China provided sincere assistance without hesitation to Third World nations, despite its own unfavorable economic conditions.

五是倡导构建人类命运共同体。推动构建人类命运共同体是新时代中国外交的总目标。中国共产党是以人类解放为使命的政党,为人类做出更大贡献是中国共产党的追求。中国共产党成立之初就有“以天下为己任”的胸怀,毛泽东同志在社会主义革命时期就提出:“中国应该对于人类有较大的贡献。”在社会主义建设时期,虽然自身经济条件有限,但中国仍义无反顾真诚帮助第三世界国家。

 

The CPC interconnects the national revival with the progress of humanity, and pushes for a shared future with the rest of the world. In the face of global challenges and difficulties, the CPC leaders proposed the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind that conforms to the common interests of all the human beings and the overall interests of the global community, calling for efforts to build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity. This vision is oriented toward the overall interests of the international community and the shared interests of mankind to safeguard peace and safety, sustain development and preserve civilizations and the environment. This will guarantee not only the interests of people living in the world today, but also the benefits of our offspring. The vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind transcends the traditional approach to the interests of countries that aims to ensure the reciprocity of interests between countries. It also enriches the outlook on shared interests of the global community established by the UN Charter that is centered on safeguarding international peace and safety. With this vision, China takes the moral high ground by focusing on the progress and fate of humanity in its diplomatic work, charting a course for the progress and future of human society.

中国共产党始终紧紧把民族复兴的命运与人类进步事业联系在一起,与世界各国命运与共,面对全球性挑战和难题,中国共产党领导人站在全人类共同利益和国际社会整体利益的高度,提出构建人类命运共同体理念,主张建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。这一理念以维护国际社会和全人类的和平、安全、发展、文明和环境等共同利益为目标,立足于保护国际社会整体利益和全人类共同利益,不仅利在当代人,而且惠及子孙后代。构建人类命运共同体理念超越了以维护国家间对等互惠利益为核心的国家共同利益观,发展了《联合国宪章》确立的以维护国际和平安全为核心的国家之国际社会的共同利益观,这使中国外交站在人类文明进步和人类前途命运的道义制高点上,为人类社会的发展和未来指明了方向。

 

Facing the global threat to public health security caused by COVID-19, the CPC upholds the vision of building a global community of health for all and works in solidarity with other countries to combat COVID-19. It has fulfilled its commitment to making its vaccines a global public good through concrete actions including providing vaccine aid to 88 countries including Sudan as well as four international organizations and exporting vaccines to 43 countries. It supports the proposal to waive the intellectual property rights on coronavirus vaccines, and promotes fair and equitable distribution of vaccines and anti-epidemic medical supplies across the globe. All these are concrete actions for the good of the world. In the face of global challenges imposed by climate change, the CPC advocates harmony between humanity and nature, and remains committed to people-oriented and green development. It has made a solemn commitment to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.

面对新冠疫情全球公共卫生安全威胁,中国共产党践行人类卫生健康共同体理念,同各国守望相助、携手抗疫,切实履行疫苗作为全球公共产品的庄严承诺,向包括苏丹在内的88个国家和4个国际组织提供疫苗援助,向43个国家出口疫苗,支持新冠肺炎疫苗知识产权豁免,推进全球疫苗和抗疫物资公平合理分配,以实际行动造福世界。在气候变化全球性挑战面前,中国共产党坚持人与自然和谐共生,倡导以人为本、绿色发展,庄严承诺中国将力争2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和。

 

As the ancient Chinese philosopher Mencius said, “ensuring the right conduct and upholding justice should be the way to follow across the land.” The CPC consistently acts in conformity with the shared interests of the Chinese people and the peoples of other countries. While safeguarding the interests of China, it keeps in mind the interests of other countries, the common interests of the global community, and the interests of humanity. It works determinedly to promote world peace, contribute to global development, maintain the international order, boost the diversity of civilizations, and pursue win-win cooperation. The CPC’s thoughts and ideas on diplomacy is bound to win wider understanding and support from the global community, as it meets the trend of the times. It will remain a strong call for unity and cooperation, forge extraordinary synergy in building a community with a shared future for mankind, and contribute to a brighter tomorrow for humanity.

“立天下之正位,行天下之大道。”中国共产党始终从中国人民和世界人民共同利益出发,始终把维护本国利益、他国利益、国际社会共同利益和全人类利益有机结合起来,矢志不渝做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者,文明多样性的促进者、合作共赢的践行者。中国共产党的外交思想理念契合时代潮流,符合世界发展大势,必将赢得国际社会越来越多理解和支持,成为团结合作的时代强音,汇聚起构建人类命运共同体的磅礴合力,开创人类社会更加美好的明天。