七、地区热点问题
VII. Regional Issues
（一）朝鲜半岛局势
1. The Situation on the Korean Peninsula
中方一贯坚持实现朝鲜半岛无核化，坚持维护半岛和平稳定，坚持通过对话协商解决问题。当前形势下，中方希望并支持有关各方加强对话接触，进一步互释善意，缓和形势。中方希望朝美双方继续积极互动，相向而行，落实好两国领导人会晤共识，支持朝韩改善关系，各方共同努力推动半岛无核化和半岛问题政治解决成为可持续、不可逆的进程。中方愿同有关各方及国际社会一道，继续为实现半岛无核化和长治久安作出应有贡献。
China is committed to a denuclearized, peaceful and stable Korean Peninsula and settlement of relevant issues through dialogue and consultation. Under the current circumstances, China hopes to see and supports closer dialogue and contacts among relevant parties to further demonstrate good will and ease tensions. China hopes that the US and the DPRK continue to actively engage in interactions, meet each other half way, and implement the consensus reached by the two leaders at their summit. China supports the improvement of the relations between the DPRK and the ROK, and the joint efforts of all parties to make denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula and the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue a sustainable and irreversible process. China is ready to work with relevant parties and the international community to make continued contributions to the denuclearization process and lasting peace and stability of the Korean Peninsula.
（二）阿富汗问题
2. Afghanistan
中国坚定支持阿富汗和平重建与发展，鼓励阿富汗在促进地区经济融合和互联互通方面发挥更大作用，愿在“一带一路”框架下扩大同阿富汗的务实合作。中方一贯坚定支持“阿人主导，阿人所有”的和解进程，认为实现广泛包容的政治和解是解决阿富汗问题的唯一出路，呼吁阿富汗塔利班早日参与和解进程。希望国际社会加强协调配合，形成合力，为阿政府与塔利班早日重启和谈创造良好外部条件。
China firmly supports peace, reconstruction and development in Afghanistan, encourages Afghanistan in playing a bigger role in regional economic integration and connectivity, and is willing to expand practical cooperation with Afghanistan under the Belt and Road Initiative. China always supports the Afghan-led and Afghan-owned reconciliation process. We believe that broad and inclusive political reconciliation is the only solution to the Afghan issue and call on the Taliban to join the reconciliation process at an early date. China hopes that the international community will step up coordination and collaboration to form synergy and create a sound external environment for the early resumption of peace talks between the Afghan government and the Taliban.
（三）缅甸若开邦问题
3. The Rakhine State of Myanmar
若开邦问题涉及复杂历史、民族和宗教因素，解决起来不可能一蹴而就。中方支持缅孟加强对话协商，落实好“止暴、遣返、发展”三阶段设想和中缅孟四点原则共识，寻求妥善解决办法。国际社会应为缅孟对话协商解决问题发挥发挥建设性作用。
The issue of the Rakhine State of Myanmar involves complicated historical, ethnic and religious factors, and cannot be resolved overnight. China supports strengthened dialogue and consultation between Myanmar and Bangladesh, and the implementation of the three-phased proposal of “cessation of violence, repatriation and development” and the four-point principled common understandings reached among China, Myanmar and Bangladesh, in an effort to seek a proper solution of the issue. The international community should play a constructive role in facilitating the settlement of the issue by Myanmar and Bangladesh through dialogue and consultation.
（四）巴勒斯坦问题
4. The Palestinian Issue
巴勒斯坦问题是中东问题的核心。中方支持巴勒斯坦人民建立以1967年边界为基础、以东耶路撒冷为首都、拥有完全主权的、独立的巴勒斯坦国，支持巴勒斯坦以国家身份更多参与国际事务。中东问题有关各方应在联合国有关决议、“土地换和平”原则、“阿拉伯和平倡议”、中东和平“路线图”计划等基础上，通过政治和外交途径妥善解决彼此争端。中方支持联合国及其安理会在中东问题上发挥更大作用。
The Palestinian issue is at the heart of the Middle East issue. China supports the Palestinian people’s efforts to establish an independent Palestinian state that enjoys full sovereignty, with East Jerusalem as its capital and based on the 1967 borders. We support Palestine’s greater participation in international affairs as a state. The parties concerned need to properly solve their disputes through political and diplomatic means on the basis of relevant UN resolutions, the principle of “land for peace”, the Arab Peace Initiative and the Roadmap for Peace in the Middle East. China supports the UN and its Security Council in playing a bigger role on the Middle East issue.
中方同包括巴勒斯坦和以色列在内的各方保持着沟通。2017年7月，中国国家主席习近平提出解决巴勒斯坦问题的四点主张：坚定推进以“两国方案”为基础的政治解决；坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观；进一步协调国际社会的努力，壮大促和合力；综合施策，以发展促进和平。今年7月举行的中阿合作论坛第八届部长级会议开幕式上，中国国家主席习近平重申中方在巴勒斯坦问题上的原则立场并宣布对巴援助新举措。中方会继续为推动解决巴勒斯坦问题作出不懈努力。
China is in touch with Palestine, Israel and other parties. In July 2017, Chinese President Xi Jinping made a four-point proposal for the settlement of the Palestinian issue that calls for firmly advancing a political settlement based on the two-state solution; upholding a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security concept; further coordinating efforts of the international community and strengthening the concerted efforts for peace; and adopting a multi-pronged approach to promote peace through development. In July this year, at the opening ceremony of the Eighth Ministerial Conference of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, President Xi reiterated China’s principled position on the Palestinian issue and announced new measures of assistance to Palestine. China will continue to make relentless efforts for the resolution of the Palestinian issue.
（五）叙利亚问题
5. Syria
叙利亚问题只能通过政治和外交途径解决，军事手段没有出路。中方支持日内瓦和谈，发挥联合国斡旋主渠道作用，落实好安理会第2254号决议要求，通过对话谈判达成兼顾各方合理关切的政治解决方案。
The issue of Syria can only be settled through political and diplomatic means; there is no military solution. China supports the Geneva peace talk, the role of the UN as the main channel of mediation, the implementation of Security Council Resolution 2254, and a political solution that accommodates the legitimate concerns of all parties reached through dialogue and negotiation.
停火止暴是推进叙利亚问题政治解决的重要保障，有关各方均应采取实际行动，改善地面形势，为对话和谈营造有利外部条件。叙利亚有关各方应支持和配合联合国及其人道救援机构的行动，为缓解叙利亚人道局势提供帮助。国际社会还应坚持统一标准，加强协调，共同打击叙利亚境内所有被安理会列名的恐怖组织。
Ceasefire and cessation of violence is an important basis for a political settlement. The relevant parties should take concrete actions, improve the situation on the ground and create favorable external conditions for dialogue and peace talk. The parties should support and cooperate with the UN and its humanitarian assistance agencies in their efforts to help improve the humanitarian situation in Syria. The international community should follow a consistent standard, strengthen coordination and crack down on all Security Council-designated terrorist organizations in Syria.
（六）伊拉克问题
6. Iraq
伊拉克国家和平稳定与重建正处于关键阶段。中方支持伊拉克政府在推进政府机构改革、促进民族和解、缓和人道局势和推动经济发展等方面所作积极努力，欢迎伊拉克人民反恐斗争取得重大进展。国际社会应在尊重伊拉克主权、独立、统一和领土完整基础上，加大对伊投入和帮助，推动伊各方开展包容性对话，帮助伊恢复经济和加快重建，支持伊继续进行反恐斗争。中方将一如既往地参与伊拉克经济重建，并提供力所能及的帮助。
Iraq is at a crucial stage of achieving peace, stability and reconstruction. China supports the vigorous efforts of the Iraqi government to reform government institutions, promote national reconciliation, improve the humanitarian situation and grow the economy, and welcomes the major progress made by the Iraqi people in combating terrorism. The international community should, on the basis of respecting the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Iraq, increase input and assistance, encourage all parties in Iraq to carry out inclusive dialogue, help the country recover its economy and expedite reconstruction, and support its continued fight against terrorism. China will continue to participate in Iraq’s economic reconstruction and provide assistance within the realm of our ability.
（七）也门问题
7. Yemen
政治解决是实现也门持久和平的唯一途径。中方敦促也门各方停止敌对行动，在联合国安理会有关决议、海合会倡议及其实施机制、也门全国对话会议成果文件基础上，尽快恢复谈判，达成兼顾各方核心关切的解决方案。国际社会应积极支持并配合联合国斡旋努力，推动也门早日实现和平、安全与稳定。中方对也门人道局势感到担忧，希望冲突各方应采取措施，确保也门人道援助通道安全和畅通，防止也门人道局势进一步恶化。
Political settlement is the only way to lasting peace in Yemen. China urges all parties in Yemen to stop hostile actions and, on the basis of relevant Security Council resolutions, the Gulf Cooperation Council Initiative and its implementation mechanism and the outcome documents of the National Dialogue Conference, restart negotiations as soon as possible and reach a solution that accommodates the core concerns of various parties. The international community should support and cooperate with the UN in its mediation efforts, so as to help Yemen achieve peace, security and stability at an early date. China is concerned about the humanitarian situation in Yemen. We hope the parties to the conflict in Yemen will take actions to ensure the safe and smooth access of humanitarian assistance and prevent further deterioration of the humanitarian situation in the country.
（八）利比亚问题
8. Libya
中方在利比亚问题上坚持四点原则：一是尊重和维护利主权、独立和领土完整；二是继续推动利各派通过对话化解分歧；三是国际社会应加大反恐力度，支持地区国家在反恐、打击有组织犯罪上发挥积极作用；四是照顾地区国家合理安全和发展关切。
China adheres to four principles on the Libyan issue: first, respecting and upholding the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of Libya; second, making continued efforts to encourage all factions in Libya to solve their differences through dialogue; third, intensifying the international efforts to combat terrorism and supporting regional countries in playing an active role in the fight against terrorism and organized crimes; fourth, accommodating the legitimate security and development concerns of regional countries.
中方赞赏并支持联合国主导的斡旋利比亚问题的努力。国际社会在斡旋解决利比亚问题时应注重“双轮驱动”，既要努力推进利国内政治进程，也要合力反恐，防止极端恐怖势力在利比亚死灰复燃。在推进利政治进程过程中，真正体现“利人所有，利人主导”原则，早日实现利比亚和平稳定。
China commends and supports the UN-led mediation efforts. When mediating the Libyan issue, the international community should attach importance to both promoting the domestic political process in Libya and making joint efforts to combat terrorism, so as to prevent the resurgence of extremist and terrorist forces. The “Libyan-owned and Libyan-led” principle should be followed when promoting the political process, so that peace and stability in Libya can be achieved at an early date.
（九）伊朗核问题
9. The Iranian Nuclear Issue
伊朗核问题全面协议是业经联合国安理会核可的多边协定，所有各方都有义务认真执行。维护全面协议的完整性和严肃性，有助于维护国际核不扩散体系及中东和平稳定，符合国际社会的共同利益。当前形势下，中方希望有关各方从长远和大局出发，坚持政治外交解决方向，使全面协议得以继续执行下去。中方将继续秉持客观、公正和负责任态度，致力于维护和执行全面协议。
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is a multilateral agreement that has been endorsed by the UN Security Council, and it is the obligation of all parties to earnestly implement it. Upholding the integrity and sanctity of the JCPOA is conducive to strengthening the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East, and serves the common interests of the international community. Under the current circumstances, we hope that relevant countries will take a long-term perspective and bear in mind the big picture, adhere to political and diplomatic settlement, and ensure the continued implementation of the JCPOA. China will continue to hold an objective, just and responsible attitude and remain committed to upholding and implementing the JCPOA.
（十）苏丹达尔富尔问题
10. The Darfur Issue of Sudan
中方对苏丹政府为维护达尔富尔地区和平稳定、推进政治进程所作的努力表示赞赏，呼吁各方积极通过开展全国对话，推进达尔富尔和平进程并最终实现政治解决。近年来，达尔富尔地区安全形势明显好转、人道主义局势持续改善。国际社会应继续通过双多边渠道向达区提供帮助，以巩固现有成果，推进达区重建进程。中方欢迎联合国安理会通过第2429号决议，支持联非达团结合形势发展逐步削减规模。
China commends the efforts made by the government of Sudan in ensuring peace and stability in Darfur and advancing the political process. We call on all parties to carry out national dialogue to promote the Darfur peace process and eventually achieve political settlement. In recent years, security in Darfur has improved noticeably, and the humanitarian situation has continued to ease. The international community should continue to provide assistance to Darfur through bilateral and multilateral channels, so as to consolidate what has been achieved and advance reconstruction in Darfur. China welcomes the adoption of Resolution 2429 by the Security Council, and supports the UN-AU Mission in Darfur in gradually cutting its size in light of the evolving situation.
（十一）南苏丹问题
11. South Sudan
在伊加特和地区国家斡旋下，南苏丹和平进程取得了重要积极进展，南各方签署《喀土穆宣言》并就安全安排和政府治理未决问题达成协议，中方对此表示欢迎和赞赏。中方希望南苏丹各派切实执行全面和平协议，继续通过包容性对话解决未决问题。中方始终支持非洲人以非洲方式解决非洲问题，支持伊加特在南问题上发挥斡旋主渠道作用，支持联合国南苏丹特派团的工作。安理会应发出正面积极信号，支持并配合地区国家和组织的斡旋努力，充分尊重南处理本国事务主导权，合力推进南政治进程。
Thanks to the mediation efforts of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and regional countries, significant progress has been made in the South Sudan peace process. Relevant parties in South Sudan signed the Khartoum Declaration and reached an agreement on security arrangements and outstanding issues of governance. China welcomes and commends such progress. We hope that the parties in South Sudan will earnestly implement the cessation of hostilities agreement and resolve outstanding issues through inclusive dialogue. China always supports the settlement of African issues by African people through African ways, the role of IGAD as the main channel of mediation and the work of the UN Mission in South Sudan. The Security Council needs to send a positive signal, support and cooperate with regional countries in their mediation efforts, fully respect South Sudan’s leading role in handling its domestic affairs, and make joint efforts to advance the political process in South Sudan.
（十二）索马里问题
12. Somalia
中方赞赏索马里和平重建进程取得积极进展，支持索马里联邦政府为推进政治和解、恢复经济和改善民生所作努力。同时，索马里实现持久和平和国家重建仍面临严峻挑战。国际社会应在尊重索马里政府主导权基础上继续帮助其推进过渡计划，加强治理和安全能力建设，支持其打击极端反政府组织。中方支持联合国索马里援助团和非盟驻索马里特派团继续根据授权加强履职，支持联合国及国际社会向非索团提供可预测、稳定、持续的资金支持，支持地区国家向索提供人道主义等帮助。中方愿同国际社会共同努力，为索马里实现和平、稳定与发展作出新的贡献。
China commends the progress in the peace and reconstruction process in Somalia, and supports the efforts made by the Federal Government of Somalia to promote political reconciliation, recover the economy and improve people’s well-being. On the other hand, Somalia still faces severe challenges in achieving lasting peace and national reconstruction. The international community should, on the basis of respecting the leading role of the Somali government, continue to help the government implement the transition plan, strengthen governance and security capacity building, and support its efforts to crack down on extremist anti-government organizations. China supports the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) and the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) in continuing to perform their duties in accordance with their mandates, supports the UN and the international community in providing predictable, stable and sustainable financial support to AMISOM, and supports regional countries in providing humanitarian and other assistance to Somalia. China is ready to work with the international community to make new contribution to peace, stability and development of Somalia.
（十三）马里问题
13. Mali
中方高度关注马里局势，坚定支持马里政府和人民维护国家主权统一和领土完整，祝贺马里总统选举顺利举行，希望马里各方共同努力推动和平和解进程取得更大进展。中方赞赏和支持非洲国家和地区组织为维护马里和平与稳定所作努力，呼吁国际社会继续加大对马里关注和投入，帮助马政府加强安全和反恐能力建设。中方支持联马团履职并依据安理会决议向萨赫勒联合部队提供支助，呼吁加强对联马团维和人员安全的投入。中方愿同国际社会一道，为实现马里和平与和解、地区稳定与发展发挥积极作用。
China is following the situation in Mali closely. China firmly supports the efforts of the Mali government and people to safeguard sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity, congratulates on the smooth proceeding of the presidential elections and hopes that relevant parties will work together for greater progress in the peace and reconciliation process. China commends and supports the efforts of African countries and regional organizations to maintain peace and stability in Mali. China calls on the international community to give more attention and input to Mali to help its government strengthen security and counter-terrorism capacity building. China supports the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) in fulfilling its mission and providing assistance to G5 Sahel Joint Force in accordance with relevant Security Council resolution, and calls on investing more in the security of MINUSMA peacekeepers. China stands ready to work with the international community to contribute to peace and reconciliation in Mali and stability and development in the region.
（十四）刚果（金）问题
14. The DRC
政治途径是解决刚果（金）问题的唯一出路。中方支持刚果（金）有关各方从国家和民族的根本利益出发，通过对话协商解决分歧，共同推进选举和政治进程。国际社会及联合国应在充分尊重刚果（金）国家主权、独立和领土完整基础上，向刚果（金）提供建设性帮助，支持非盟及非洲次区域组织协调次区域国家加强合作，加大调解斡旋力度，推动各方切实回到对话协商的政治解决轨道。中方愿同国际社会一道，继续为推动刚果（金）早日实现持久和平、稳定和发展贡献力量。
Political settlement is the only way out for the DRC issue. China supports relevant parties in the DRC in resolving their differences through dialogue and consultation on the basis of the fundamental interests of the country and its people, and jointly promoting the election and political process. The international community and the UN should provide constructive assistance to the DRC while fully respecting its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. They should support the AU and Africa’s sub-regional organizations in coordinating closer cooperation among sub-regional countries and stepping up mediation efforts to encourage relevant parties to take concrete measures and return to the track of political settlement through dialogue and consultation. China will work with the international community and continue to contribute to the early realization of lasting peace, stability and development in the DRC.
（十五）塞浦路斯问题
15. Cyprus
中方在塞浦路斯问题上始终秉持客观、公正立场，一贯支持塞问题在联合国相关决议基础上，通过希、土两族对话谈判，得到公正、合理的解决。中方认为任何解决方案都要符合希、土两族的利益。中方赞赏并支持联合国和国际社会为推动解决塞问题作出的努力。作为联合国安理会常任理事国，中方愿为早日解决塞浦路斯问题发挥积极作用。希望希、土两族和有关各方继续凝聚共识、缩小分歧，为推动谈判重启并取得积极进展创造有利条件。
China takes an objective and impartial position on the issue of Cyprus. China supports a fair and equitable solution on the basis of relevant UN resolutions and through dialogue and negotiation between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots. China believes that any solution must serve the interests of the Greek and Turkish Cypriots. China commends and supports the efforts of the UN and the international community to facilitate the settlement of the issue. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China is willing to play a positive role in resolving the Cyprus issue at an early date. We hope that the Greek and Turkish Cypriots and other relevant parties will continue to build consensus, narrow differences, and create favorable conditions for the resumption of fruitful talks.