中国在主要国际和地区问题上的立场

Positions of the People’s Republic of China on Major Issues on the Agenda of the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly

 

一、联合国作用

I. The Role of the UN

 

当前，国际形势正在发生深刻复杂变化，世界多极化和国际关系民主化深入人心，经济全球化、社会信息化深刻改变着世界，国与国相互依存更加紧密。与此同时，国际社会仍面临诸多挑战。各种传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相互交织。南北发展差距依然突出，全球治理机制有待完善。

The international situation is undergoing profound and complex changes. There is strong support for a multi-polar world and greater democracy in international relations. Economic globalization and the IT revolution are changing the world profoundly, resulting in greater interdependence among countries. At the same time, the international community faces multiple challenges. Traditional and non-traditional security threats are intertwined, the development gap between North and South remains wide, and the global governance system needs to be improved.

 

联合国是最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织。《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则构成当代国际关系的基石。作为各国维护世界和平、促进共同发展、共谋互利合作的重要平台，联合国承载了世界人民共商、共建、共享合作共赢新型国际关系，打造人类命运共同体的殷切期盼。解决全球性难题和挑战，需要联合国广大会员国携手努力。当前形势下，联合国应继续在国际事务中发挥核心作用，顺应时代潮流，倾听各国人民声音，团结并引领世界各国实现持久和平与发展繁荣。

The UN is the most universal, representative and authoritative inter-governmental organization. The purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations constitute the cornerstone of the contemporary international relations. People around the world look to the UN to uphold world peace, promote common development and pursue win-win cooperation, thus establishing a new win-win type of international relations featuring wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, and beyond that, a community with a shared future for mankind. Addressing global problems and challenges requires the joint efforts of the UN member states. Under the current circumstances, it is important for the UN to continue to play its central role in international affairs, follow the trend of the times, heed the voice of all nations, and rally and steer the world in the pursuit of enduring peace, development and prosperity.

 

二、联合国改革

II. UN Reform

 

中方支持联合国不断与时俱进，通过改革进一步增强协调各国应对全球性挑战的能力，更好地回应国际社会期待，并提升发展中国家在国际事务中的代表性和发言权。中方支持联合国秘书长古特雷斯推动联合国和平安全、发展、内部管理三大领域改革的努力，希望改革有助于联合国在和平安全领域发挥更大作用，加强落实2030年可持续发展议程的能力，并提高内部管理水平和运行效率。改革进程应公开、透明，充分听取会员国意见，特别是高度重视并解决发展中国家的诉求和关切。

China supports the UN in keeping abreast of the times through reform to further strengthen its capacity for coordinating international efforts to tackle global challenges, better respond to the expectations of the international community, and increase the voice of developing countries in international affairs. China supports the efforts of Secretary-General António Guterres to advance UN reform in the areas of peace and security, development and internal management and hopes that the reform will enable the UN to play a bigger role in the field of peace and security, enhance its capability to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and improve its internal management and operation efficiency. The reform process should be open and transparent, taking into full consideration the views of member states, and in particular, placing high emphasis on and striving to address the appeals and concerns of developing countries.

 

中方支持联合国落实和平安全架构改革有关措施，加强预防性外交和秘书长斡旋调解职能，不断改革和完善联合国维和行动，增强联合国和安部门工作的一致性、联动性与协调性。要尊重当事国主权、独立和领土完整，听取其意见，充分发挥地区国家和区域组织作用，根据冲突的不同情况和起因，采取有针对性的措施，综合施策，标本兼治。联合国在预防冲突、维和行动、建设和平、发展等领域工作应相互衔接，统筹把握。

China supports the relevant measures by the UN to reform the peace and security architecture, strengthen preventive diplomacy and the Secretary-General’s role in mediation, continue to reform and improve the UN peacekeeping operations, and increase the coherence, synergy and coordination in the work of the UN peace and security departments. The sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the countries concerned must be respected and their views heeded. It is important to fully leverage the role of regional countries and organizations, take holistic and targeted measures in light of the circumstances and causes of a conflict and address both its symptoms and root causes. There needs to be coherence and coordination in the work of the UN in fields such as conflict prevention, peacekeeping, peace building and development.

 

各方应严格按照联大关于发展领域改革的第72/279号决议授权，充分尊重广大发展中国家立场和关切，确保将发展为核心、会员国主导、共同但有区别的责任等原则落到实处。中方支持驻地协调员根据会员国授权，聚焦发展职能，在政策建议、资金技术、务实合作等方面加强对方案国落实2030年议程的支持。应充分考虑各国国情，尊重各国政府在驻地协调员任命、职能赋权、驻地团队组成和制定国别工作方案等方面的意见，驻地协调员应定期向方案国政府报告工作情况，并向方案国负责。

All parties should, in strict accordance with the mandate of Resolution 72/279 concerning reform in the field of development, fully respect the positions and concerns of developing countries and ensure the implementation of the principles such as focusing on development, ownership and leadership by member states and common but differentiated responsibilities. China supports resident coordinators in following the mandates of member states, focusing on their development function and strengthening support to the local governments in their efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda in the areas of policy advice, financial and technical assistance, and practical cooperation. It is necessary to take into full consideration the realities of different countries and respect the views of local governments on matters such as the appointment of country coordinators, their functions and mandates, the composition of country teams and the formulation of country programs. Country coordinators need to report to the local governments regularly and are responsible to the local governments.

 

联合国管理改革措施及落实情况应定期评估，不断改进，必要时可采取试点、试行方式。中方支持改进联合国后勤服务，同时要控制成本，确保产生规模效益。在选择全球服务中心问题上，应结合各地配套设施服务水平、采购和物流成本等因素进行综合评估和充分论证，确保合理性、公平性和平衡性。中方支持改革采购流程，提高采购时效性和透明度，加强问责，应充分合理控制采购成本，积极拓宽采购渠道，尤其是增加从发展中国家采购。

The management reform measures and their implementation should be assessed regularly and improved constantly, and pilot programs and provisional measures may be introduced when necessary. China supports the improvement of the logistics of the UN on the basis of cost control and economies of scale. On choosing the global service center, the UN needs to conduct a comprehensive assessment and sufficient discussion on factors such as the supporting service facility and cost of procurement and logistics to ensure that the choice is reasonable, fair and balanced. China supports the reform in procurement process to improve its efficiency and transparency, enhance accountability, sufficiently and reasonably control procurement costs and expand procurement channels, and in particular, increase procurement from developing countries.

 

中方支持安理会改革，以更好地履行《联合国宪章》赋予的职责。改革应优先增加发展中国家的代表性和发言权，让中小国家有更多机会进入安理会并参与决策。安理会改革涉及联合国未来和全体会员国切身利益，应继续通过充分民主协商，寻求兼顾各方关切和利益的“一揽子”解决方案。中方愿同各方一道，推动改革朝有利于维护联合国长远利益和会员国团结的方向发展。

China supports reform of the Security Council to enable it to better fulfill its responsibilities prescribed in the Charter of the United Nations. The priority of the reform should be on increasing the representation and voice of developing countries in the Security Council so that small and medium-sized countries will have more opportunities to sit on the Security Council and participate in its decision-making process. Reform of the Security Council concerns the future of the UN and the vital interests of all member states. It is important to continue with thorough and democratic consultations, and seek a package solution that accommodates the concerns and interests of all parties. China is ready to work with all parties to ensure that the reform will help safeguard the long-term interests of the UN and the unity of its member states.

 

三、打击恐怖主义

III. Fight Against Terrorism

 

当前，国际反恐斗争取得积极进展，但全球恐怖活动多发频发态势并未根本扭转，国际反恐形势依然复杂脆弱。应对恐怖主义威胁仍是全球安全治理的突出难题。

Progress has been made in the international fight against terrorism, but the frequent occurrence of terrorist activities across the world is yet to be reversed, and the global counter-terrorism dynamics remain complex and fragile. Addressing terrorist threats is still a big challenge to global security governance.

 

中方反对一切形式的恐怖主义。反恐应综合治理，标本兼治。国际社会应按照《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，继续加强反恐合作，全面落实安理会相关决议及联合国《全球反恐战略》。中方反对在反恐问题上采取双重标准，认为不应将恐怖主义与特定的国家、民族或宗教相联系。联合国及其安理会应在国际反恐合作中发挥中心协调作用，不断凝聚共识，加强统筹协调，推动国际反恐形成更大合力。针对恐怖主义新趋势和新特点，打击网络恐怖主义、恐怖融资、极端思想传播、恐怖分子跨境流通等方面应该成为国际反恐合作的重点。

China opposes terrorism in all its forms, and calls for a holistic counter-terrorism strategy that addresses both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism. The international community should strengthen counter-terrorism cooperation in accordance with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and fully implement the relevant Security Council resolutions and the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. China opposes double standards on the issue of counter-terrorism, and believes that terrorism should not be linked with any particular country, ethnicity or religion. The UN and its Security Council should play a central, coordinating role in international counter-terrorism cooperation, build consensus and enhance coordination, so as to forge greater synergy for international counter-terrorism efforts. Given the new developments and characteristics of terrorism, the international counter-terrorism cooperation should focus on aspects such as fighting cyber terrorism, the financing of terrorism, the spread of extremist ideologies and the cross-border movements of terrorists.

 

四、联合国维和行动

IV. UN Peacekeeping Operations

 

联合国维和行动是缓解地区冲突、维护集体安全的有效手段。维和行动应坚持维和三原则，尊重当事国主权和意愿，避免干预当事国主权范围内的事务。中方支持联合国维和行动与时俱进，在会员国广泛共识基础上进行合理必要改革，使维和行动更好地维护当事国稳定，协助当事国推进政治进程。维和授权应现实可行，坚持政治优先，目标明确，重点突出，并根据形势发展灵活调整。维和行动应获得充足资源，同时提高资源使用效率，维和行动机构和人员安全应得到保障。

UN peacekeeping operations are an effective instrument for easing regional conflicts and safeguarding collective security. UN peacekeeping operations should abide by the principles of “consent of the parties, impartiality and non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate”, and refrain from interfering in affairs within the scope of the host country’s sovereignty. China supports UN peacekeeping operations in advancing with the times through reasonable and necessary reform based on the broad consensus of the UN member states to enable peacekeepers to more effectively maintain stability and advance the political process in the host country. The peacekeeping mandates should give priority to political settlement and feature practical feasibility, clear targets, sharp focus, and flexible adjustment as circumstances evolve. Sufficient resources should be allocated to peacekeeping operations, the cost-effectiveness of the resources should be enhanced and the safety of peacekeeping institutions and personnel ensured.

 

五、信息和网络安全

V. Information and Cyber Security

 

网络空间是人类共同的活动空间，网络空间前途命运应由各国共同掌握。各国应加强沟通、扩大共识、深化合作，共同构建网络空间命运共同体。各方应遵守以《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则为基础的国际法和国际关系基本准则，尊重他国主权，反对网络战和网络军备竞赛，反对利用网络干涉他国内政、侵犯公民隐私、损害他国利益，确保网络空间用于促进社会经济发展、国际和平稳定和人类福祉。当务之急是在联合国框架下，坚持和平、主权、共治、普惠原则，制定各方普遍接受的网络空间国际行为准则，以及打击网络犯罪和网络恐怖主义国际法律文书，共同构建和平、安全、开放、合作、有序的网络空间，建立多边、民主、透明的互联网国际治理体系。具体领域国际法在网络空间的适用，应结合网络空间特殊性、国家实践和实际能力由各国深入探讨，逐步形成共识。

Cyberspace is a common space for human activities. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communication, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to build a community with a shared future in cyberspace. All parties should observe international law and the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. It is essential to respect the sovereignty of other countries, reject cyber war and arms race, oppose using the Internet to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs, infringing on the privacy of other countries’ citizens or undermining other countries’ interests, and ensure that cyberspace is used to promote social and economic development, international peace and stability and the well-being of the people. The pressing task is to formulate an international code of conduct for cyberspace that is acceptable to all, and develop international legal instruments for countering cyber crimes and cyber terrorism under the UN framework and in keeping with the principles of peace, sovereignty, shared governance and shared benefits, so as to foster a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace and establish a multilateral, democratic and transparent global governance system for cyberspace. Countries should have in-depth discussions on the application of international law in specific fields, taking into account the special characteristics of cyberspace and gradually reach consensus.

 

中方高度重视联合国在网络安全领域的重要作用，以建设性态度深入参与联合国框架下网络相关进程。中方将继续支持联合国在维护国际网络安全、构建网络空间秩序、制定网络空间国际规则等方面发挥主渠道作用。

China attaches great importance to the important role of the UN in cyber security and has deeply and constructively engaged in the UN-led cyber-related processes. China will continue to support the UN as the main channel of safeguarding international cyber security, establishing order and developing international rules for cyberspace.

 

六、难民和移民问题

VI. The Refugee and Migration Issue

 

导致难民问题产生的原因错综复杂，其根源是地区不稳定和发展不平衡。中方主张应继续本着综合施策、标本兼治的理念应对难民问题。既要加大对难民的人道主义援助力度，缓解难民困境，又要消除地区冲突等产生难民的根源，关闭产生大规模难民的阀门，同时还要推动实现共同发展，为难民返乡创造良好条件。中方希望《难民问题全球契约》能为国际社会应对难民问题发挥重要作用，愿同各方一道，继续为国际难民保护事业贡献力量。

There are complex reasons for the refugee issue, whose root causes include regional instability and unbalanced development between North and South. China stands for a holistic approach that addresses both the symptoms and root causes of the refugee issue. The international community should increase humanitarian assistance to the refugees, ease their plight and resolve regional conflicts and other root causes leading to large numbers of refugees. It is also imperative to promote common development and create sound conditions for refugees to return home. China expects the Global Compact of Refugees to play a significant role in the international response to the refugee issue. China is ready to work with all parties to make continued contribution to the global endeavor of protecting refugees.

 

中方主张本着发展眼光全面、客观地看待移民问题，充分发挥移民对发展的积极促进作用，加强国际合作，共享全球移民带来的发展红利。应帮助移民融入当地社会，消除对移民的歧视与排外，携手打击偷渡、人口贩运等涉移民犯罪，并本着标本兼治、综合治理的理念应对被动移民问题。中方支持各国根据各自国情及承担的国际法义务执行《移民问题全球契约》，愿同各国一道，继续推动改善移民领域全球治理。

China stands for a development-based and objective approach to migration that gives full play to the role of migration in promoting development, strengthens international cooperation and contributes to the sharing of the development dividends brought by global migration. It is important to help migrants integrate into host communities, eliminate xenophobia and discrimination against migrants, combat human smuggling and trafficking and other migration-related crimes. China supports a holistic approach that addresses both the symptoms and root causes of forced migration. China supports countries in implementing the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration in accordance with their own national conditions and due international obligations. China will continue to work with other countries to improve the global governance on migration.