双语资料:第73届联合国大会中方立场文件(一)
发布时间:2018年09月11日
发布人:nanyuzi  

73届联合国大会中方立场文件

Position Paper of the People’s Republic of China for the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly

 

2018年08月28日

28 August 2018

 

一、当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局。世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展,社会信息化、文化多样化持续推进,各国利益和命运紧密相联,深度交融。同时,地区热点问题此起彼伏,发展失衡的问题远未解决,气候变化、恐怖主义、网络安全等全球性挑战日益凸显,特别是单边主义和保护主义进一步抬头,国际秩序、国际体系、国际规则受到严重冲击。

I. The world is undergoing major changes unprecedented in a century. As economic globalization, IT revolution and cultural diversification gain momentum in an increasingly multi-polar world, the interests and destinies of all countries are closely linked and deeply intertwined. At the same time, regional hotspot issues keep flaring up, the problem of unbalanced development is far from being resolved, and global challenges such as climate change, terrorism and cyber security issues have become more pronounced. All these factors, combined with surging unilateralism and protectionism in particular, have exerted a severe impact on the international order, architecture and rules.

 

当前形势下,国际社会应该凝聚共识,携起手来,共同应对新威胁和新挑战,为维护世界和平、促进共同发展、加强全球治理作出积极努力。

Under such circumstances, the international community should build consensus and join hands in tackling new threats and challenges to safeguard world peace, promote common development and improve global governance.

 

各国要坚定支持多边主义。从历史维度看,多边主义符合世界多极化、经济全球化发展大势,是不可逆转的时代潮流。从现实维度看,全球性挑战需要全球性应对,坚持多边主义是根本之道。我们应共同反对单边主义和保护主义,积极倡导共商共建共享,努力实现双赢多赢共赢。

Multilateralism must be steadfastly upheld. From a historical dimension, multilateralism is an irreversible trend of our times consistent with the mighty tide of multi-polarity and economic globalization. From the perspective of reality, global challenges call for global solutions and fundamentally, multilateralism is the only way forward. Countries should jointly oppose unilateralism and protectionism and advocate extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits for win-win results.

 

各国要自觉遵守国际规则。各国应捍卫联合国宪章宗旨和原则及其他国际关系基本准则,尊重各国独立、主权和领土完整,尊重各国自主选择的社会制度和发展道路,推动构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系,构建人类命运共同体。国家不分大小、强弱、贫富,都是国际社会平等一员,都应该平等参与国际规则制定。要继续推进全球经济治理改革,提高新兴市场国家和发展中国家代表性和发言权,维护发展中国家发展空间。

International rules must be voluntarily observed. Countries should defend the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and other basic norms governing international relations, respect each other’s independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independent choice of social system and development path. Efforts should be directed toward building a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation and a community with a shared future for mankind. Countries, whether big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community and as such, should participate as equals in the formulation of international rules. Reform of global economic governance should be continued with a view to increasing the representation and voice of emerging markets and developing countries and preserve development space for developing countries.

 

各国要共同维护多边体系。联合国是最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织,是多边主义的重要象征和成功实践。各国应支持联合国在国际事务中发挥积极作用,团结并引领世界各国实现持久和平与发展繁荣。各国应维护以世界贸易组织为核心、以规则为基础的多边贸易体制及其核心价值和基本原则,提升贸易投资自由化便利化水平,构建开放型世界经济,推动全球化朝着更加开放、包容、普惠、共赢方向发展。

The multilateral architecture must be jointly maintained. As the most universal, representative and authoritative inter-governmental organization, the United Nations is an important symbol of multilateralism and a living example of its success. Countries should support the UN in playing an active role in international affairs and in rallying and steering the world in the pursuit of enduring peace, development and prosperity. Efforts should be made to uphold the rules-based multilateral trading regime with the WTO at the center, and the core values and basic principles of the regime, and to further trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, so as to build an open world economy and make globalization more open, inclusive and beneficial to all.

 

二、中方在第73届联合国大会重点关注的工作包括以下方面:

II. China’s Priorities for the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly

 

(一)中方支持联合国秘书长古特雷斯推动联合国和平安全、发展、内部管理三大领域改革的努力,希望改革有助于联合国在和平安全领域发挥更大作用,加强落实2030年可持续发展议程的能力,并提高内部管理水平和运行效率。改革进程应公开、透明,充分听取会员国意见,特别是高度重视并解决发展中国家的诉求和关切。

1. China supports the efforts made by Secretary-General António Guterres to advance UN reform in the areas of peace and security, development and internal management. China hopes that the reform will enable the UN to play a bigger role in peace and security affairs, enhance its capacity to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and improve its internal management and operation efficiency. The reform should be open and transparent, taking into full consideration views of member states and in particular, placing high emphasis on and striving to address the appeals and concerns of developing countries.

 

(二)国际社会应坚持政治解决热点问题的大方向,加强预防性外交,支持联合国斡旋和调解工作,反对军事威胁和单边制裁。安理会作为国际集体安全机制的核心,对维护国际和平与安全负有首要责任。各国都应维护安理会权威和作用,在事关国际和平与安全的重大问题上,不能绕开安理会行事。

2. The international community should be committed to political settlement of hotspot issues, step up preventive diplomacy, support the UN mediation efforts, and oppose threat of force or unilateral sanctions. The Security Council, as the core of the international collective security mechanism, shoulders the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. Its authority and role must be upheld. No one should bypass the Security Council in dealing with major issues concerning international peace and security.

 

巴勒斯坦问题是中东问题的核心。中方支持巴勒斯坦人民建立以1967年边界为基础、以东耶路撒冷为首都、拥有完全主权的、独立的巴勒斯坦国,支持巴勒斯坦以国家身份更多参与国际事务。中东问题有关各方应在联合国有关决议、土地换和平原则、阿拉伯和平倡议、中东和平路线图计划等基础上,通过政治和外交途径妥善解决彼此争端。

The Palestinian issue is at the heart of the Middle East issue. China supports the Palestinian people’s efforts to establish an independent Palestinian state that enjoys full sovereignty, with East Jerusalem as its capital and based on the 1967 borders. China also supports Palestine’s greater participation in international affairs as a state. The parties concerned need to properly solve their disputes through political and diplomatic means on the basis of relevant UN resolutions, the principle of “land for peace”, the Arab Peace Initiative and the Roadmap for Peace in the Middle East.

 

叙利亚问题依靠军事手段无法实现和平。中方支持联合国发挥斡旋主渠道作用,落实好安理会第2254号决议,通过包容性的政治对话,找到符合叙利亚实际、兼顾各方合理关切的政治解决方案。

On the Syrian issue, peace cannot be achieved through military means. China supports the role of the UN as the main channel of mediation and the implementation of Security Council Resolution 2254. Efforts should be made to find through inclusive political dialogue a political solution that suits Syria’s reality and accommodates the legitimate concerns of all parties.

 

维护伊朗核问题全面协议的完整性和严肃性,有助于维护国际核不扩散体系及中东和平稳定,符合国际社会的共同利益。中方希望有关各方从长远和大局出发,坚持政治外交解决方向,使全面协议得以继续执行下去。

Upholding the integrity and sanctity of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is conducive to strengthening the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East, and serves the common interests of the international community. China hopes that relevant parties will adopt a long-term perspective and bear in mind the big picture, stay committed to political and diplomatic solution, and ensure the continued implementation of the JCPOA.

 

中方一贯坚持实现朝鲜半岛无核化,坚持维护半岛和平稳定,坚持通过对话协商解决问题。当前形势下,中方希望并支持有关各方加强对话接触,进一步互释善意,缓和形势。中方欢迎并期待朝美双方继续积极互动,相向而行,落实好两国领导人会晤共识,支持朝韩改善关系,各方共同努力推动半岛无核化和半岛问题政治解决成为可持续、不可逆的进程。

China is committed to a denuclearized, peaceful and stable Korean Peninsula and settlement of relevant issues through dialogue and consultation. In light of the current circumstances, China hopes to see and supports closer dialogue and contacts among relevant parties to further demonstrate goodwill and ease tensions. China hopes that the US and the DPRK continue to actively engage in interactions, meet each other half way and implement the consensus reached by the two leaders at their summit. China supports the improvement of the relations between the DPRK and the ROK and the joint efforts of all parties to make denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula and the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue a sustainable and irreversible process.

 

中方支持非洲国家以非洲方式解决非洲问题,主张尊重当事国主权,听取当事国意见,充分发挥非盟等区域和次区域组织作用。非盟自主和平行动已成为应对非洲冲突和危机的重要手段,中方支持联合国为其提供可预测、稳定的资金支持。

China supports African countries in solving African issues through African ways. China stands for respecting the sovereignty of countries concerned, heeding their views and giving full play to the roles of regional and sub-regional organizations such as the African Union (AU). The AU’s independent peace missions have become an important instrument in dealing with conflicts and crises in Africa. China supports the UN in providing them with predictable and stable funding assistance.

 

(三)联合国维和行动是缓解地区冲突、维护集体安全的有效手段。维和行动应坚持政治优先,坚持维和三原则,避免干预当事国主权范围内的事务。维和授权应现实可行,目标明确,重点突出,并根据形势发展灵活调整。维和行动应获得充足资源,同时提高资源使用效率,并保障维和行动机构和人员安全。中方支持不断改进和完善维和行动,使维和行动更好地维护当事国稳定,协助当事国推进政治进程。

3. The UN peacekeeping operations are an effective instrument for easing regional conflicts and safeguarding collective security. The operations should give priority to political settlement, adhere to the three principles of “consent of the parties, impartiality and non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate”, and refrain from interfering in affairs within the scope of the host country’s sovereignty. Peacekeeping mandates should feature practical feasibility, clear targets, sharp focus, and flexible adjustment as circumstances evolve. Sufficient resources should be allocated to peacekeeping operations, the cost-effectiveness of the resources should be enhanced and the safety of peacekeeping institutions and personnel ensured. China stands for constant improvement of the UN peacekeeping operations to enable them to more effectively maintain stability and advance the political process in the host country.

 

(四)2030年可持续发展议程为全球发展绘制了宏伟蓝图。各国应将2030年议程纳入国家发展战略,全面平衡推进经济、社会、环境发展。国际社会要强化发展伙伴关系,构建以南北合作为主渠道、南南合作为补充的合作格局。发达国家应切实履行官方发展援助承诺,帮助广大发展中国家增强发展能力。

4. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a grand blueprint for global development. Countries should integrate the Agenda into their national development strategies, make parallel and balanced progress in the areas of economy, society and environment. The international community should strengthen partnerships for development and forge a cooperation framework with North-South cooperation as the main channel and South-South cooperation as a supplement. Developed countries should honor their ODA commitments and help developing countries enhance development capacities.

 

“一带一路倡议与2030年可持续发展议程在目标、理念、实施路径等方面高度契合。“一带一路倡议坚持共商共建共享理念,弘扬和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的丝路精神,以基础设施互联互通为主线,坚持高质量高标准,促进区域互联互通和国际合作,各国平等参与、共同受益。中方将继续推进一带一路倡议与2030年可持续发展议程对接,建设和平、繁荣、开放、创新、文明之路,为世界经济发展和各国共同繁荣贡献力量。

The Belt and Road Initiative is highly compatible with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in terms of goals, concepts and implementation paths. The Belt and Road Initiative champions the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits and promotes the Silk Road spirit of peace, cooperation, openness, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit. It focuses on infrastructure connectivity, upholds high quality and high standards, promotes regional connectivity and international cooperation, and encourages equal participation for shared benefits. China will continue to seek synergy between the Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to build a road of peace, prosperity, openness and innovation that connects different civilizations and contributes to economic development of the world and common prosperity of all countries.

 

中非合作论坛北京峰会将于9月召开。峰会将以合作共赢,携手构建更加紧密的中非命运共同体为主题,把一带一路建设同落实非盟《2063年议程》、2030年可持续发展议程以及非洲各国发展战略相互对接,促进中非全面战略合作伙伴关系深入发展,为深化南南合作、落实2030年可持续发展议程作出积极贡献。

The 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) will be held in September. Themed “China and Africa: Toward an Even Stronger Community with a Shared Future through Win-Win Cooperation”, the Summit synergizes the building of the Belt and Road with the Agenda 2063 of the AU, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the development strategies of different African countries, and contributes to the further development of the China-Africa comprehensive strategic partnership, the deepening of South-South cooperation and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

 

(五)国际反恐斗争取得积极进展,但恐怖主义仍是全球安全治理的严重威胁,各方必须团结一致,合力应对。打击恐怖主义需要综合治理、标本兼治,充分发挥联合国及安理会的主导作用,全面落实安理会相关决议及联合国《全球反恐战略》。反恐不能搞双重标准,更不能把恐怖主义与特定国家、民族和宗教挂钩。针对恐怖主义新趋势和新特点,国际反恐合作的重点应包括打击网络恐怖主义、恐怖融资、极端思想传播、恐怖分子跨境流通等方面。

5. The international combat against terrorism has made progress, but terrorism remains a serious threat to global security governance. All parties need to unite and face it together. Combating terrorism requires a holistic strategy that addresses both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism. It is important to give full play to the leading role of the UN and its Security Council, and fully implement the relevant Security Council resolutions and the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. There should be no double standards, and terrorism should not be linked with any particular country, ethnicity or religion. Given the new developments and characteristics of terrorism, the international counter-terrorism cooperation should focus on aspects such as fighting cyber terrorism, the financing of terrorism, the spread of extremist ideologies and the cross-border movements of terrorists.

 

(六)网络空间的繁荣稳定事关国际和平、安全与发展,是当前全球治理的重要新疆域。中方支持联合国发挥主导作用,继续推进网络安全和数字合作,建立更广泛成员参与的网络议题机制化对话进程,制定各方普遍接受的网络空间行为规范,为未来在联合国框架下建立网络问题常设机制奠定基础。

6. The prosperity and stability of cyberspace concerns global peace, security and development and is an important new frontier for current global governance. China supports the UN in further advancing cyber security and digital cooperation, establishing a more broadly participated mechanism of dialogue process on cyber issues and formulating a universally accepted code of conduct for cyberspace so as to lay the foundation for the establishment of a regular mechanism for cyber issues under the UN framework.

 

(七)中国一贯主张最终全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器,始终坚持自卫防御的核战略,采取高度稳定的核政策,恪守不首先使用、不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器等承诺,始终将核力量维持在国家安全需要的最低水平。中方支持国际社会推动降低核武器戒备状态的努力,反对任何可能降低核武器使用门槛的消极举措,愿同各方一道努力,减少核战争风险,维护全球战略平衡与稳定。

7. China has consistently advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China is firmly committed to a nuclear strategy based on self-defense and adopts a highly stable nuclear policy. China has upheld its commitments that it would not be the first to use nuclear weapons and that it would refrain from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones. China has always maintained its nuclear capabilities at the minimum level required for national security. China supports the efforts of the international community to reduce the operational status of nuclear weapons, opposes any negative measure that may lower the threshold for the use of nuclear weapons and is willing to work with all parties to reduce the risk of a nuclear war and maintain global strategic balance and stability.

 

(八)中方主张维护《禁止化学武器公约》有效性、权威性和普遍性,平衡处理遵约与履约的关系,对库存和遗弃化武销毁逾期等问题予以同等重视;支持禁化武组织严格按照公约规定,在调查处理指称使用化武事件方面发挥应有作用。

8. China stands for maintaining the effectiveness, authority and universality of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), striking a balance between compliance and implementation of the Convention, and placing equal emphasis on the delayed destruction process of both the chemical weapons stockpile and abandoned chemical weapons. China supports the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in playing its due role in investigating and handling the alleged use of chemical weapons in strict accordance with the Convention.

 

中国在主要国际和地区问题上的立场附后。

Annex: Positions of the People’s Republic of China on Major Issues on the Agenda of the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly