驻印度使馆临时代办马珈在中印媒体吹风会上的主旨讲话
Remarks by Ma Jia, Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of Chinese Embassy in India at the Media Briefing
2022年3月23日
22 March 2023
记者朋友，
Friends from media,
下午好！很高兴同大家见面。从去年的中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会到今年的全国两会，印度媒体作了跟踪报道，高度关注中国新一届党和国家领导人在中国经济社会发展、对外关系等方面的理念、政策和举措。我简要通过四个话题，为大家作一些解读。
Good afternoon! Very pleased to welcome all of you to the briefing. From last year’s 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to this year’s Two Sessions, the Indian media have followed and paid close attention to the initiatives of China’s new leadership, and China’s economic and social development, as well as its foreign relations. Today I would like to brief you through 4 topics.
一、中国全国两会和中国经济社会发展情况
Ⅰ. Two Sessions and China’s economic and social development
全国两会是中国政治生活中的一件大事，是了解中国的重要窗口。今年是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年，此次全国两会擘画新蓝图、开启新征程的意义重大。
Two Sessions are major political events in China which provide an important window to learn about China. 2023 marks the first year of implementing the guiding principles of the 20th National Congress of the CPC. It is of great significance for the Two Sessions to draw a new blueprint and start a new journey.
3月4日至13日，第十四届全国人民代表大会第一次会议和中国人民政治协商会议第十四届全国委员会第一次会议在北京成功举行，选举产生并决定任命新一届国家机构组成人员，审议通过《中华人民共和国立法法（修正草案）》和国务院机构改革方案。审议通过的《政府工作报告》详细阐述了去年中国经济社会发展情况和今年的预期目标。
From 4th-13th March, the first meetings of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) and the 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) were held in Beijing. The NPC meetings elected and decided to appoint new members of the government, reviewed and approved the “Legislative Law of the People’s Republic of China (Draft Amendment)” and the State Council’s Institutional Reform Plan. The “Government Work Report” has been approved, which elaborated on China’s economic and social development in year 2022 as well as expected goals for the year 2023.
2022年，中国国内生产总值增长3%至121万亿元，约合18万亿美元，稳居全球第二；城镇新增就业1200多万人，失业率5.5%；居民消费价格上涨2%；货物进出口总额年均增长8.6%，突破40万亿元、连续多年居世界首位，吸引外资和对外投资居世界前列。财政赤字率为2.8%。科技创新成果丰硕，全社会研发投入占GDP比重超过2.5%，国家创新指数全球排名由2017年的22位提升至2022年的第11位。美丽中国建设迈出重大步伐，单位GDP能耗和二氧化碳排放继续下降，森林覆盖率超过24%。
In 2022, China’s GDP grows 3% to almost $18 trillion, holding steady as the world’s second largest economy. A total of 12 million urban jobs were added, with the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate falling to 5.5%. The consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2%. China’s total volume of trade in goods exceeded $5.8 trillion, registering an annual growth rate of 8.6%. It has thus been the top global trader for many years running. China is now both a major destination for foreign investment and a leading global outbound investor. The deficit-to-GDP ratio was kept at 2.8%. Fruitful gains were made in scientific and technological innovation. As spending on R&D (Research and Development) increased from 2.1% to over 2.5% of GDP. China’s global ranking of the National Innovation Index has risen from 22nd in 2017 to 11th in 2022. We have made significant strides in building a Beautiful China. Energy consumption per unit of GDP drops and carbon dioxide emissions fall continuously, and forest coverage exceeds 24%.
2023年，中国经济社会发展预期目标是：实现国内生产总值增长5%左右；城镇新增就业1200万人左右，城镇调查失业率5.5%左右；居民消费价格涨幅3%左右；居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步；进出口促稳提质，国际收支基本平衡；粮食产量保持在6.5亿吨以上；单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放量继续下降，生态环境质量稳定改善。
In 2023, the expected goal is to achieve a GDP growth of about 5%. About 12 million new urban jobs will be created, and the surveyed urban unemployment rate will be about 5.5%; CPI about 3%; residents’ income growth will be basically in sync with economic growth; import and export will be stable and quality will be improved, and international balance of payments will be basically balanced; food production remains above 650 million tons; energy consumption per unit of GDP and emissions of major pollutants continue to decline, and the quality of the ecological environment will improve steadily.
中国经济总量大、基数高，加上世界经济形势中存在的不稳定、不确定、难预料因素等挑战，要实现这些预期目标并不轻松。我们将充分利用好市场规模大、产业体系完整、人力资源丰富、发展基础厚实等优势条件，坚持稳字当头、稳中求进，推动经济运行整体好转，在高质量发展上取得新进步。从实践看，开年三个多月来，中国经济出现企稳回升态势，一些国际组织调高了对今年中国经济增速的预期。我们对中国经济前景充满信心。
With China’s large economic volume and high base, coupled with challenges such as instability, uncertainty and unpredictable factors in the world economic situation, it will not be easy to achieve these expected targets. We will make full use of the advantages, such as super-sized market, a well-functioning industrial system, rich supply of human resources and a strong development foundation, and will keep to the general principles of prioritizing stability and seeking progress while maintaining stability, pushing for a turnaround in overall economic performance and making new progress in high-quality development. In practice, in the first three months of the year, China’s economy has stabilized and rebounded, and some international organizations have raised their expectations for China’s economic growth this year. We are full of confidence in China’s economic prospects.
二、中国式现代化
Ⅱ. Chinese path to modernization
中国共产党二十大首次提出中国式现代化。从二十大到全国两会，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的目标任务更加明确，实施路径更加清晰。
Chinese path to modernization was first proposed at the 20th National Congress of the CPC. From the 20th National Congress to the Two Sessions, the goals and tasks of comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese path to modernization have become clearer, and the implementation path has become more definite.
它既有各国的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的特色，简要概括为五个特征：人口规模巨大的现代化、全体人民共同富裕的现代化、物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化、人与自然和谐共生的现代化、走和平发展道路的现代化。
The Chinese path to modernization shares common characteristics with other modernized countries, more importantly, it bears unique features specific to our own national context. It can be briefly summarized in five features: it is the modernization of a huge population. It is the modernization of common prosperity for all. It is the modernization of coordinated material and cultural-ethical advancement. It is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature, and it is the modernization of peaceful development.
一个拥有十四亿多人口的国家整体迈进现代化，是人类历史上前所未有的壮举，具有巨大的世界意义。中国用几十年的时间走完了西方发达国家用几百年走过的工业化历程，经济总量跃居世界第二，制造业规模、外汇储备稳居世界第一，货物贸易总额位居世界第一。经济增幅连续10年保持6.6%的水平，对世界经济增长平均贡献率超过30%。全国7.7亿农村贫困人口摆脱贫困，提前10年实现《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》减贫目标。中国式现代化创造了人类文明新形态，充分证明现代化可以堂堂正正走出5个特点：
Achieving modernization for a country of more than 1.4 billion people will be an unprecedented feat in human history, one of profound global significance in itself. China has completed in a few decades the industrialization process that western developed countries have taken hundreds of years to complete. The total economic volume has jumped to the second place in the world, the scale of manufacturing industry, foreign exchange reserves, and the total trade in goods ranks the first in the world. Economic growth has remained at 6.6% for 10 consecutive years, contributing to an average of over 30% of world economic growth. China’s 770 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty and achieved the poverty reduction target of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule. Chinese modernization creates a new form of human advancement, and demonstrated 5 traits:
一是独立自主。各国完全有权利也有能力选择自己的道路，将命运牢牢掌握在自己手里，不照搬照抄别国模式。二是人民至上。各国人民都应有平等发展、追求幸福的权利。三是和平发展。中国式现代化是一条有别于西式现代化的崭新道路，不靠战争、不靠殖民、不靠掠夺，坚持和平、发展、合作、共赢，坚持人与自然和谐共生。四是开放包容。尊重各国走符合自身国情的发展道路，倡导交流互鉴。五是团结奋斗。不搞政党纷争，不搞只说不做、朝令夕改，而是团结奋斗，一张蓝图绘到底。
①Independence. Every country has the right and ability to choose its own path, and to hold its future firmly in its own hands. ②Putting people first. People around the world should all enjoy the rights to seek development as equals and pursue happiness. ③Peaceful development. Chinese modernization is a new path different from Western modernization. It is not pursued through war, colonization, or plundering. It is dedicated to peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, and is committed to harmony between humanity and nature. ④Openness and inclusiveness. It is important to respect the right of every country to pursue a modernization path tailored to its national reality, and encourage exchange and mutual learning. ⑤Working hard in unity. Partisan rift, empty talk and frequent policy flip-flop goes nowhere. We have been carrying out the set blueprint until it becomes reality.
中国式现代化进程，是世界和平、正义、进步力量的壮大。我们希望并相信，世界上越来越多的国家会走上现代化道路，使人类命运共同体的梦想变为现实。
The process of Chinese modernization is a boost to the force for peace, justice and progress in the world. We hope and believe that as more and more countries begin their own journey of modernization, the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind will become true.
三、全球文明倡议
Ⅲ. Global Civilization Initiative
继2021年9月提出全球发展倡议、2022年4月提出全球安全倡议后，今年3月15日，习近平主席在中国共产党与世界政党高层对话会上进一步提出全球文明倡议。
After the Global Development Initiative (GDI) proposed in September 2021 and the Global Security Initiative (GSI) in April 2022, President Xi Jinping further proposed the Global Civilization Initiative (GCI) on 15th March 2023 when he delivered a keynote speech in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-Level Meeting held in Beijing.
倡议提出的背景是我们不得不回答这样的问题：历史长河中文明有起伏兴衰，既发生过文明的相互融合，也有文明之间的对抗。是不是因为差异就不可避免走进对抗、发生战争？人类社会现代化进程处于新的十字路口，是两极分化还是共同富裕？物质至上还是物质精神协调发展？竭泽而渔还是人与自然和谐共生？零和博弈还是合作共赢？照抄照搬别国模式还是立足自身国情自主发展？要什么样的现代化？怎样实现现代化？
The background of the initiative is that we have to answer the question as: In the long river of history, every civilization has its ups and downs, and civilization integrated and confronted with each other. As we human society develop to this stage, is it still inevitable that differences will lead to confrontation and war? Now the modernization process has once again reached a crossroads of history. Polarization or common prosperity? Pure materialistic pursuit or coordinated material and cultural-ethical advancement? Draining the pond to catch the fish or creating harmony between man and nature? Zero-sum game or win-win cooperation? Copying other countries’ development model or achieving independent development in light of national conditions? What kind of modernization do we need and how can we achieve it?
文明倡议提出“要共同倡导尊重世界文明多样性，以文明交流超越文明隔阂、文明互鉴超越文明冲突、文明包容超越文明优越”，“要共同倡导弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，不将自己的价值观和意志强加于人，不搞意识形态冲突”，“要共同倡导重视文明传承和创新，推动各国优秀传统文化在现代化进程中实现创造性转化、创造性发展”，“要共同倡导加强国际人文交流合作，探讨构建全球文明对话合作网络，共同推动人类文明发展进步”。习近平总书记提出的全球文明倡议，得到了150多个国家500多个政党和政治组织领导人的积极支持和响应。
The GCI proposed: “We advocate the respect for the diversity of civilizations. Let cultural exchanges transcend estrangement, mutual learning transcend clashes, and coexistence transcend feelings of superiority”. “We advocate the common values of humanity. Peace, development, equity, justice, democracy, and freedom are the common aspirations of all peoples. Countries need to refrain from imposing their own values or models on others and from stoking ideological confrontation”. “We advocate the importance of inheritance and innovation of civilizations. Countries need to push for creative transformation and innovative development of their fine traditional cultures”. “We advocate robust international people-to-people exchanges and cooperation. Countries need to explore the building of a global network for inter-civilization dialogue and cooperation, jointly advance the progress of human civilizations”. The GCI has received active support and response from leaders of more than 500 political parties and political organizations from over 150 countries.
从全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议到全球文明倡议，中方始终直面人类共同挑战，积极为推动世界现代化进程、促进人类文明进步提供中国方案，展现大国的责任担当。
From the GDI, the GSI to the GCI, China shows the responsibility to face the common challenges and its willingness to contribute China’s solutions to advancing global modernization and progress of human civilizations.
四、中国外交和中印关系
Ⅳ. Chinese Diplomacy and China-India Relations
中国新一届党和国家领导班子将继续坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚定奉行互利共赢的开放战略，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者、人类文明进步的促进者。
As to China’s foreign policy under the new leadership, China will continue to pursue the independent foreign policy of peace, and will continue to implement the mutually beneficial strategy of opening up. China will always be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, a defender of the international order, and a promoter of progress of human civilizations.
中印是毗邻而居的两大文明古国，是拥有28亿多人口的最大发展中国家和新兴经济体代表，都致力于实现国家发展振兴，都坚持多边主义大方向，都坚定维护发展中国家权益。中印在重大国际和地区问题上有着相近或相似立场，在南南合作、发展减贫、气候变化、能源安全等方面有着广泛共同利益。习近平主席提出推动构建人类命运共同体，印度也主张“世界一家”。我们要从古老文明中汲取力量，与世界分享东方智慧，共同致力于维护国际和地区秩序稳定。在变乱交织的世界中，中印可以发出强劲的声音，为发展中国家争取更多制度性权利。中印携手合作，关乎亚洲乃至世界的未来。我们应坚持两国领导人“中印互为发展机遇、互不构成威胁”“两国是合作伙伴而非竞争对手”的重要共识。中方始终从战略高度和长远角度看待和处理中印关系，即使在两国关系遭遇困难的时候，中方这一立场也从未动摇，始终致力于推动双边关系回归健康稳定轨道。
As two neighboring ancient civilizations and the two largest developing countries and representatives of emerging economies with a combined population of 2.8 billion, both China and India are committed to national development and rejuvenation, stick to the general direction of multilateralism and firmly defend the rights and interests of developing countries. China and India share the same or similar positions on many regional and international issues, and have extensive common interests in South-South cooperation, development and poverty reduction, climate change, energy security, etc. President Xi Jinping has put forward promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. India advocates “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakum” (the world being one family) as well. We could draw strength from our ancient civilizations, and share oriental wisdom with the world, so as to jointly maintain stability of the international and regional order. In a world intertwined with changes and chaos, China and India could speak out loud for more institutional rights of developing countries. China and India working together will bear on the future of Asia and beyond. Both sides should follow the important consensus reached by the leaders of the two countries that “China and India are not threats to each other, but an opportunity for each other’s development”, and “be cooperation partners to each other instead of being competitive rivals”. The Chinese side has always viewed and handled China-India relations from a strategic and long-term perspective. Although the relationship faces some difficulties, China’s position has never wavered and we have been committed to pushing it back on the track of healthy and steady development.
去年以来，中印关系呈现逐步恢复的积极势头。习近平主席同莫迪总理共同出席三场多边峰会，并在G20巴厘岛峰会期间寒暄互动，王毅国务委员兼外长与苏杰生外长三次面对面会晤。今年3月，秦刚外长来印出席G20外长会期间同苏杰生外长举行双边会见，就两国关系、多边合作等议题深入交换意见。中印边境局势总体稳定，双方保持外交军事渠道沟通，正推动局势早日转入常态化管控。双边贸易持续增长，人员往来逐步恢复。
Since last year, China-India relations have caught positive momentum. President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Modi commonly attended 3 Summit meetings and exchange greetings on the sidelines of the G20 Bali Summit. State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar 3 times in Year 2022. Earlier this month, Foreign Minister Qin Gang, during his visit to India to attend the G20 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, held a bilateral meeting with Minister S. Jaishankar and had an in-depth exchange of views on bilateral relations and multilateral cooperation. The current border situation is overall stable. The two sides continue to maintain communication via diplomatic and military channels, promoting the transition of the border situation to normalized management and control at an earliest date. China and India’s bilateral trade continues to grow. People-to-people exchanges begin to resume.
中方支持印方履行上海合作组织和二十国集团主席国职责，愿加强沟通合作，捍卫发展中国家共同利益和国际公平正义。我们相信，中印两国一定能探索出一条相邻大国和平相处、共同发展之道，实现“亚洲世纪”愿景。
China supports India in fulfilling its responsibilities as the presidency of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and the G20, willing to strengthen communication and cooperation, safeguard the common interests of developing countries and international fairness and justice. We believe that China and India could find a way for neighboring major countries to live in peace and develop together, so as to realize the “Asian Century”.