China, India and the Promise of the Power of Two
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Chargé d’Affaires a.i. of Chinese Embassy in India Ma Jia Published an Article in The Hindu
马珈临时代办在《印度教徒报》发表署名文章
16 March 2023
2023年3月16日
The year 2023 marks a high point in India’s diplomacy, with its presidentship of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and the G-20. The focus is also on China which held “two sessions” recently: the annual sessions of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Here are some insights into China’s development.
2023年，印度担任上海合作组织、二十国集团轮值“双主席国”。中国也正在召开全国“两会”。印度各界朋友对中国发展十分关注。我愿与大家分享一些信息和看法。
China is advancing the modernisation on all fronts. Here, the path to modernisation is based on China’s practices with a focus on high-quality development. It means the modernisation of a huge population, where there is common prosperity for all, material and cultural-ethical advancement, harmony between humanity and nature, and peaceful development. This will spell new opportunities to all countries in the world, especially neighbouring countries.
中国正全面推进中国式现代化。中国式现代化基于中国实践，强调高质量发展，是人口规模巨大的现代化，是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化，是人与自然和谐共生的现代化，是走和平发展道路的现代化，将为世界各国特别是周边国家提供新的机遇。
As two neighbouring and ancient civilisations, with a combined population of 2.8 billion, China and India are representatives of developing countries and emerging economies. India and China are both in the process of national rejuvenation and a crucial period of modernisation where challenges need to be overcome and problems need to be solved. China and India have far more common interests than differences.
中印是毗邻而居的两大文明古国，拥有28亿人口，是发展中国家和新兴经济体代表。中印两国都处在民族复兴进程中，面临许多相似困难挑战，都处在现代化建设“爬坡过坎”阶段，共同利益远远大于分歧。
China’s focus areas
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The development of China in recent years can be summarised in four points.
近年来中国的发展，可以用四个关键词概括：
The first is “steady growth”. In 2022, China’s economy grew by 3% with a total of 12.06 million urban jobs added. China’s GDP increased to 121 trillion yuan (approximately $18 trillion), registering an annual growth rate of 5.2% over the past five years and an annual growth of 6.2% over the past decade with GDP increasing by nearly 70 trillion yuan. China’s economic strength is steadily reaching new heights.
一是“稳增长”。2022年，中国国内生产总值增长3%，城镇新增就业1206万人。过去5年，国内生产总值增加到121万亿元（约18万亿美元），年均增长5.2%，十年增加近70万亿元、年均增长6.2%。中国经济发展再上新台阶。
The second is “people’s well-being”. As a result of continued efforts of the past eight years, China has historically resolved absolute poverty, with the alleviation of close to 100 million rural residents from poverty. Over 70% of the government’s expenditure went toward ensuring people’s well-being. Basic old age insurance covers 1.05 billion people, an increase of 140 million. Living standards continue to witness new improvements.
二是“保民生”。经过8年持续努力，中国历史性解决了绝对贫困问题，近1亿农村贫困人口实现脱贫。全国财政支出70%以上用于民生，基本养老保险参保人数增加1.4亿、覆盖10.5亿人，人民生活水平续有新提高。
The third is “opening up”. In 2022, China’s total volume of trade in goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan, registering an annual growth rate of 8.6%. China’s actual use of foreign capital was up by 8% and the country remained one of the top destinations for foreign investors. The overall tariff level continues to fall, from 9.8% to 7.4%. China’s doors to the outside world are opening even wider.
三是“扩开放”。中国货物进出口总额年均增长8.6%，突破40万亿元。中国实际使用外资增长8%，引资规模居全球前列。中国关税总水平进一步降低，从9.8%降至7.4%，对外开放的大门越开越大。
The fourth is “win-win cooperation”. In the period 2013-2021, China’s contribution to global economic growth averaged 38.6%, higher than that of G7 countries combined (25.7%). Ever since the Chinese President, Xi Jinping, proposed the Global Development Initiative (GDI) in a speech at the United Nations General Assembly in 2021, more than 100 countries have expressed their support and over 60 countries have joined the Group of Friends of the GDI.
四是“谋共赢”。2013年至2021年，中国对世界经济增长平均贡献率达38.6%，超过七国集团国家贡献率的总和（25.7%）。自习近平主席2021年提出全球发展倡议以来，已有100多个国家和多个国际组织支持倡议，60多个国家加入“全球发展倡议之友小组”。
On trade
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China and India are important trading partners, with bilateral trade volume reaching $135.984 billion in 2022. Though there is a trade deficit, India’s import of equipment and materials from China does reduce the overall cost of “Made-in-India” products, benefits Indian downstream industries and consumers, enhances the competitiveness of Indian exports, and in turn facilitates India’s integration into global industrial and supply chains.
中印互为重要贸易伙伴，2022年双边贸易额达到1359.84亿美元。虽然印度对华面临贸易逆差，但印度从中国进口的大部分设备和物料为“印度制造”降低了成本，惠及印下游产业与消费者，增强了印产品出口竞争力，也有利于印融入全球产业链供应链。
The Chinese market is open to India, and the Chinese side is happy to see more high-quality Indian goods, cultural and other products entering the Chinese market. Investments by Chinese enterprises have created a large number of jobs for the Indian people and contributed to India’s economic development. We hope that the Indian side could provide a fair, just and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese companies with their investment and operations in India.
中国市场对印开放，中方乐见印更多优质货物、文化等产品进入中国市场。同时，中国企业在印投资经营，为当地创造了大量就业，也为印经济发展作出贡献。希望印方为中国企业在印度投资经营提供公平、公正、非歧视的营商环境。
Facilitating an ‘Asian Century’
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In his recent meeting with India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang said that the development and revitalisation of China and India embody a boost to the force of developing countries; it is one that will change the destiny of a third of the world’s population and having bearing on the future of Asia and beyond. This echoes what Mr. Jaishankar had expressed in 2022 – that the Asian Century will happen when China and India come together.
秦刚外长近日同印度外长苏杰生会见时表示，中印的发展振兴是发展中国家力量的壮大，将改变世界三分之一人口的命运，关乎亚洲乃至世界未来。苏杰生外长也曾表示，印中两国只要合作就能够实现“亚洲世纪”的宏伟愿景。
China is willing to strengthen communication and coordination with India, be a partner on the path to modernisation, safeguard the respective legitimate rights and the common interests of developing countries, and make contributions to peace and stability in the region and beyond.
中方愿同印方加强沟通合作，做现代化建设道路上的同行伙伴，维护各自正当权益和发展中国家共同利益，共同为促进世界和地区和平稳定作出贡献。