张军大使在“非洲和平与安全：加强能力建设，实现持久和平”公开辩论会上的发言
Remarks by Ambassador Zhang Jun at the UN Security Council Open Debate on Peace and Security in Africa: Capacity-Building for Sustaining Peace
2022年8月8日
8 August 2022
各位同事，
Dear Colleagues,
我感谢阿德奥耶委员、杜阿尔特副秘书长和穆希特大使的通报。你们的真知灼见带给我们重要启发。我也要热烈欢迎各国代表特别是非洲国家代表出席今天的会议。
I thank Commissioner Adeoye, Special Adviser Duarte, and Ambassador Muhith for their briefings. Your insights are all very enlightening. I also warmly welcome representatives of all countries, especially African ones, to today’s meeting.
非洲是人类文明的发祥地。在这片伟大的大陆上，勤劳勇敢的非洲人民创造了灿烂的非洲文明，也长期遭遇奴隶贸易、种族歧视、殖民统治和外来干涉等深重苦难。在泛非主义引领下，非洲国家和人民联合自强，赢得国家独立和民族尊严，并积极探索适合本国国情的发展道路，取得令人瞩目的成就，在世界舞台上发挥着越来越重要的作用。
Africa is the birthplace of human civilization. On this great continent, the industrious and brave African people have created splendid African civilizations. But it has also been a land long steeped in hardships caused by slave trade, racial discrimination, colonial rule, and foreign interference. Guided by Pan-Africanism, African countries and people have united to win national independence and dignity. They have also worked hard to explore development paths suited to their national conditions, and made remarkable achievements. They are playing an increasingly important on the world stage.
同时，面对不公正不合理的国际政治经济秩序和各种全球性危机与风险，非洲国家长期以来被动承受着附带伤害，甚至成为域外地缘冲突的主要受害者，一些国家和平进程屡遭打断，来之不易的发展成果出现逆转。安理会需要深刻反思，在帮助非洲争取持久和平方面，国际社会是否抓住了根源性问题？有没有满足非洲国家的真实需求？
At the same time, in the face of unfair and unjust international political and economic order and all kinds of global crises and risks, African countries have always been on the receiving end of the collateral damage, and have even become main victims of conflicts outside their region. In some countries, peace processes have been repeatedly interrupted, and hard-own development gains reversed. The Security Council needs to do some deep thinking in helping Africa achieve lasting peace. Has the international community rightly addressed the root causes and met the real needs of African countries?
中国一直与非洲相互支持，命运与共。作为发展中国家，对非洲的遭遇和需求感同身受。结合对中国自身发展、中非合作经验和国际历史教训的思考，我们认为，要帮助非洲实现长治久安，必须持续不断加大投入，同时要谋长远、固根本，增强非洲自身的造血机能，提高非洲应对外部冲击的免疫力。在这方面，能力建设是最为关键的一个环节。
China and Africa have always supported each other and shared weal and woe. Africa’s experiences and needs resonate with us as a developing country. Considering China’s own development experience, experience from China-Africa cooperation, and the historical lessons from all over the world, we believe that to help Africa achieve long-term stability, it is imperative to make sustained and increased investments, have long-term thinking, and build a strong foundation for Africa to strengthen its own development capacity and improve its resilience to external shocks. In this regard, capacity building is the most crucial part.
第一，要支持非洲国家加强政府治理能力。在维护和平与安全方面，非洲国家政府是本国人民的代表，是最重要的行动主体，是应对冲突危机、促进发展重建、凝聚社会团结的核心力量。很多非洲国家的成功实践充分说明了这一点。肯尼亚、乌干达、塞内加尔、卢旺达、喀麦隆、加蓬等国迅速实现疫后复苏，布隆迪、塞拉利昂、科特迪瓦发展重建顺利推进，尼日利亚、莫桑比克打击恐怖主义取得重要成果。这些成就同各国政府强大的领导力、高效的执行力密不可分。
First, we should support African countries in strengthening governance capacity. In terms of maintaining peace and security, African governments, as representatives of their own people, are the most important actors. They are the core to respond to conflict and crisis, promote development and reconstruction, and rally social solidarity. The success stories of many African countries fully demonstrate this point. Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, Rwanda, Cameroon, and Gabon, among others, have rapidly recovered from the pandemic. Burundi, Sierra Leone, and Cote d’Ivoire are progressing smoothly in development and reconstruction. Nigeria and Mozambique have had some major wins in combating terrorism. These achievements have a lot to do with the strong leadership and efficient administration of the governments.
加强政府治理能力应坚持正确的方向，尊重各国人民自主选择的发展道路和社会制度。因此，国际社会帮助非洲时，应该尊重和信任非洲国家政府，把合作重点和援助资源向政府部门倾斜，增强政府权威，支持政府发挥主导作用。不能为援助附加政治条件，不能干涉非洲国家内政甚至越俎代庖取代当地政府作用。对于冲突后国家，推进政治过渡、筹备和举行选举只是第一步，做好选后的全方位工作更为重要。要支持新成立的政府行使国家权力，帮助新政府尽快立足、逐步完善，而不是一味指责挑刺，更不能搞“民主改造”、动辄施压制裁那一套。
To enhance government capacity, we need to maintain the right direction and respect the independently chosen development pathway and social system by their peoples. So when the international community helps African countries, it should respect and trust African governments, tilt cooperation priorities and aid resources to government departments, strengthen government authority, and support governments in playing a leading role. There should be no political conditions attached to aid, nor should there be interference in internal affairs of African countries, or to replace the role of local governments. For post-conflict countries, political transition, preparing for and holding elections are only the first step. More important is to deliver on the many tasks to come after elections. We should support the newly established governments in exercising state authority, and help them establish themselves as soon as possible and improve gradually, instead of endless criticism and fault-finding, let alone attempt of “democratic transformation” and arbitrary use of sanctions for exerting pressure.
第二，要支持非洲国家提升安全部门履职能力。一些非洲国家面临恐怖主义、暴力极端主义、族群冲突等安全威胁，只有建立本国专业、高效、强有力的安全部门才能有效应对威胁。外来的安全力量不能代替也代替不了自身的努力。
Second, it is important to support African countries in improving security sectors’ capacity to perform their duties. Some African countries face security threats from inter alia terrorism, violent extremism, and inter-communal conflicts. Only with their own professional, efficient, strong security sectors, can they effectively respond to these threats. External security forces cannot and will not be a substitute for their own efforts.
联合国在非洲部署的一些维和行动，近年来人员数量和预算规模越来越大，授权任务越来越多，但驻在国安全形势却未见好转，当事国政府和人民不满增多。我们主张认真听取非洲国家声音，全面审查这些维和行动，改革不适应形势的做法，合理制定授权，提升维和绩效。安理会对苏丹、南苏丹、索马里、刚果（金）等国实施的武器禁运，对提升当事国安全部门能力造成负面影响，应予及时调整和取消。非盟和平行动供资是个老大难问题，要想办法解决。古特雷斯秘书长建议通过联合国常规预算或维和摊款对此提供资金支持，这是一个重要思路，值得安理会积极研究。
In recent years, some peacekeeping operations deployed by UN in Africa have been expanding both size and budget, tasked with more and more mandates, while the security situations in host countries have not improved much. Complaints from their governments and people are on the rise. We believe that we should heed carefully the voices of African countries, conduct comprehensive reviews of these peacekeeping operations, reform practices that do not fit the situation on the ground, develop sound mandates, and enhance peacekeeping performance. Arms embargoes imposed by the Council on countries such as Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, and the DRC have a negative impact on capacity building of security sectors in these countries. They need to be adjusted and lifted in time. The funding of AU-led peace operations has been a persistent difficulty. It calls for a solution. Secretary-General Guterres suggested that funding to this end be provided from UN’s regular budget or peacekeeping assessments. This is an important proposal, and should be well considered by the Council.
第三，要支持非洲国家提高可持续发展能力。发展是和平与安全的基石。冲突后国家政治过渡、发展重建、民生改善，无一不需要大量的资金和资源支撑。外来人道援助固然不可或缺，但根本之道还是做大发展的蛋糕，让当事国拥有更多资源手段维护安全。中国提出“非洲之角和平发展构想”，支持修建蒙内铁路、亚吉铁路等互联互通基础设施，促进非洲本土产业发展，就是基于发展促和平的理念。
Third, we need to support African countries in improving their sustainable development capacities. Development is the cornerstone of peace and security. For post-conflict countries, political transition, reconstruction and development, and livelihood improvements all require significant financial support and resources. External humanitarian assistance is indispensable, but the key to development is to make the pie bigger, so that these countries can have more resources and means to maintain security. China has proposed an outlook on peace and development in the Horn of Africa, supported connectivity infrastructure projects, including the Mombasa-Nairobi railway and the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, and worked to promote development of local industries in Africa. These are all based on the very idea that development promotes peace.
当前，非洲大陆正面临经济、金融、粮食、能源等多重挑战，这与当前的国际局势动荡有关，更深层次原因是不公正不合理的国际经济秩序。非洲国家被限制在全球产业链的低端，没有足够资源和能力抵御风险。当主要经济体出于自身需要调整货币政策时，其外溢效应在非洲就可能掀起金融龙卷风。当非洲面临粮食和能源短缺时，发达国家的主要粮商和石油企业却赚的盆满钵满。非洲国家强烈希望摆脱这种不公平的待遇，国际社会有责任予以支持，帮助非洲推进工业化，加快基础设施现代化，实现金融自主、增强经济自立。发达国家要尽快兑现气候融资方面的承诺，向非洲补上历史欠账。
At present, the African continent is beset with economic, financial, food, energy and other challenges. These are related to a turbulent international situation, but the underlying cause is the unjust and unfair international economic order. African countries are trapped in the low end of the global industrial chain, and do not have enough resources and capacities to withstand risks. When major economies, out of their own needs, change their monetary policies, the spillover effect will trigger a financial tornado in Africa. While Africa is in food and energy shortages, major grain traders and oil companies in developed countries are having their windfalls. African countries have expressed strong wishes for such unfair treatment to end, and the international community has the obligation to support them by helping Africa industrialize, accelerate infrastructure modernization, achieve financial autonomy, and increase economic independence. Developed countries should honor their commitments on climate financing as soon as possible, and make up for what they owed to Africa in history.
第四，要支持非洲国家培养壮大人才队伍。人力资源是能力建设的基础，代表着前途未来。非洲一半以上人口是青年，有着全世界潜力最充沛的人才库。国际社会要帮助非洲国家根据发展重建、经济社会需要，培养更多急需人才。特别要鼓励冲突国家加大对青年、儿童的政策保障和资源投入，扩大发展和教育领域专项援助。要加强青年教育和职业技能培训，提供更多就业机会和创业支持，帮助青年摆脱贫困。同时要支持非洲推进去极端化措施，防止恐怖和极端思想对青年的侵蚀。
Fourth, we need to support African countries in building a bigger talent pool. Human resources are the basis of capacity building. It represents the future. Over half of the population in Africa are young people, which means it has a talent pool of the greatest potential in the world. The international community should help African countries train more talents based on the urgent needs in reconstruction and social and economic development. There is a particular need to encourage countries affected by conflict to enhance policy support and resource input for youth and children, and expand special assistance in development and education. There is also a need to enhance education and vocational training for the young people, and provide them with more job opportunities and entrepreneurship support, so that they can live a life free of poverty. Africa also needs our support in deradicalization efforts to protect young minds from terrorist and extremist ideology.
各位同事，
Colleagues,
古特雷斯秘书长把非洲称为世界“希望之源”，我们对此高度认同。世界的和平与发展离不开非洲，非洲取得更大进步也将带给世界更多希望和光明。帮助非洲提升能力建设是国际社会共同的责任。无论国际形势如何变化，我们都应该保持对非洲的关注和投入，不能因为其他问题而忽视非洲、让非洲议题边缘化。中国始终秉持正确义利观和真实亲诚理念发展对非关系。我们愿同非洲国家一道，坚持共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全观，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，维护国际公平正义，以推动落实全球安全倡议为契机，促进非洲实现可持续的和平与安全。习近平主席一年前提出了全球发展倡议，聚焦非洲国家发展中面临的迫切难题，我们愿积极推进全球发展倡议和中非合作论坛成果，同非洲国家共同落实中非合作的“九项工程”，深化务实合作，更好造福于非洲。愿与国际伙伴携手合作，为非洲实现持久和平与发展贡献更多力量。
Secretary-General Guterres said that Africa is a source of hope for the world. We cannot agree more. The peace and development of the world cannot be realized without Africa. Greater progress in Africa will also bring more hope and light to the world. Helping Africa on capacity building is the common responsibility of the international community. No matter how the international situation evolves, we should keep our focus on and commitment to Africa. We should not ignore issues in Africa. We should not allow African issues to be marginalized. China always upholds the principles of pursuing greater good and shared interests, and the principles of sincerity, real results, amity, and good faith in its relations with Africa. We are ready to work with African countries to stay committed a vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and defend the international system with the UN at its core, safeguard international fairness and justice, and take the opportunity of implementing the Global Security Initiative to promote sustainable peace and security in Africa. President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Development Initiative a year ago, which focuses on urgent challenges in the development of African countries. We are ready to actively promote the Global Development Initiative and the outcomes of FOCAC by working together with African countries to implement the nine programs of China-Africa cooperation. We will deepen practical cooperation with Africa to deliver more benefits to the continent. China would also like to cooperate with international partners to contribute further to the lasting peace and development in Africa.