新阶段、新理念、新格局引领中国发展踏上新征程
New Development Stage, Philosophy and Paradigm Guide China to New Journey
驻坦桑尼亚大使王克在坦主流媒体发表文章解读十九届五中全会精神
Ambassador Wang Ke’s Article on China’s 14th Five-Year Plan
2020年12月17日
17 December, 2020
10月26日至29日，中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第五次全体会议在北京召开。这次全会是一次具有全局性、历史性意义的重要会议。会议通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二Ｏ三五年远景目标的建议》，为中国今后5年乃至更长时期的经济社会发展指明了前进方向，提供了行动指南。
The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee was held in Beijing from October 26 to 29, 2020, which is an important meeting of overarching and historic significance. The session approved “The CPC Central Committee’s proposals for formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035”, serving as a guide to action for China’s economic and social development over the next five years and beyond.
一、编制和实施五年规划是中国之治的“制度密码”
I. The formulation and implementation of the five-year plan is the most important experience of China’s good governance
编制和实施国民经济和社会发展五年规划，是中共治国理政的重要方式，可以说是中国之治的“制度密码”。自1953年到现在，中国先后制定和实施了十三个发展规划。尤其是1978年改革开放以来，远期有战略、中期有规划、年度有部署，三者有机结合、互相补充，为推动中国经济社会持续快速健康发展发挥了重要作用。从“一五”到“十三五”，中国从一穷二白到建立比较完整的工业体系和国民经济体系，从计划经济到发展和完善社会主义市场经济，一跃成为世界第二大经济体。中国发展规划一张蓝图绘到底、一代接着一代干，不因领导人更替而中断，确保政策连续性和稳定性，并且言出必行、行之必果，成为中国实现经济长期稳定增长的一条核心经验。当前，中国正处于全面建成小康社会胜利在望、全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程即将开启的重要历史时刻，百年未有之大变局正进入加速演变期，编制与实施好“十四五”规划意义非同一般，将成为中国经济和社会发展史的又一个重要里程碑。
The formulation and implementation of the Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development is an important way for the CPC to govern the country and it can be said to be the most important experience of China’s governance. China has formulated and implemented thirteen development plans since 1953. Especially since the reform and opening up in 1978, there are long-term strategies, medium-term plans, and annual implementation measures, which are integrated and complementary to each other, and have played an important role in promoting the sustained, rapid and healthy development of China’s economy and society. From the First Five-Year Plan to the 13th Five-Year Plan, China has built up from scratch to a fairly complete industrial system and national economy, turning from a planned economy to a socialist market economy. Currently, China is the second largest economy in the world. The country’s development plans have been implemented continuously generation after generation, without suspension due to the change of leaders. By doing this, policy continuity and stability are ensured, promises are fulfilled and actions are resultful. This has been a core experience of China in achieving long-term steady economic growth. China is now at a crucial historic time when the victory of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects is in sight, and the new journey of building a modern socialist country is about to start. The major changes in the world unseen in a century are evolving at an accelerated pace. The significance of preparing and implementing the 14th Five-Year Plan is extraordinary and will become another important milestone in the history of China’s economic and social development.
二、“十三五”时期中国取得新发展成就
II. New achievements during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
“十四五”规划是在“十三五”规划成功实施的基础上制定的。过去五年，面对纷繁复杂的国际形势，中国发展稳中向好，经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新台阶。预计2020年国内生产总值突破100万亿人民币。2019年，中国经济占世界经济比重从2015年的15.5％提升至16.3％，对世界经济增长的贡献率达32.4％。建成世界上规模最大的社会保障体系，基本医疗保险覆盖超过13亿人，基本养老保险覆盖近10亿人。2020年11月23日是个值得铭记的日子，中国最后832个贫困县、5575万农村贫困人口全部脱贫，因扰中国几千年的绝对贫困问题得到历史性解决。今年以来，面对新冠肺炎疫情带来的严峻风险挑战，中国坚持“人民至上、生命至上”，不惜一切代价抗击疫情，在疫情防控和经济恢复方面均走在世界前列。中国率先控制住国内疫情，在全球主要经济体中率先恢复经济正增长，今年第三季度实现4.9％的增长率，继续领跑全球主要经济体。
The formulation of the 14th Five-Year Plan is based on the successful implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan. In the past five years, China has developed steadily, with its economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength reaching new heights. It is estimated that China’s GDP this year will exceed RMB 100 trillion yuan. In 2019, China’s share in the global economy has grown to roughly 16.3 percent, up from 15.5 percent in 2015. China’s contribution to global growth has reached 32.4 percent. More than 1.3 billion Chinese people are under the umbrella of medical insurance. Nearly 1 billion people enjoy basic pension insurance. November 23, 2020 is a day worth remembering, because by that day China has lifted the last remaining 832 impoverished counties and 55.75 million rural poor people out of poverty. The absolute poverty problem that has plagued China for thousands of years has been solved historically. Since the beginning of this year, sticking to the principle of “people first and life first” in the fight against COVID-19, China has been playing a leading role in epidemic prevention and control as well as economic recovery. China has put the domestic epidemic under control and become the first major economy in the world registering positive economic growth, with a growth rate of 4.9% in the third quarter.
三、三“新”引领中国发展踏上新征程
III. New concepts guide China to a new journey
在当前国际形势错综复杂、全球经济下行压力增大的背景下，国际社会普遍关注中国将实现什么样的发展、如何实现发展。“十四五”规划为观察和了解中国提供了重要窗口，其核心要义可概括为三个“新”，即新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局。
Facing the complex international situation and increasing downward pressure on the global economy, the whole world pays great attention to China’s next step. The 14th Five-Year Plan has become an important window to observe and understand China. The core elements of the 14th Five-Year Plan can be summarized as three “new concepts”, namely new development stage, new development philosophy, and new development paradigm.
新发展阶段揭示了中国所处的历史方位。随着中国胜利完成全面建成小康社会的历史任务，“十四五”时期，中国将进入新的发展阶段。这是中国开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的新阶段，是推动经济社会高质量发展以满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的新阶段，是全面深化改革、扩大开放、催生发展新动能的新阶段，是以人民福祉为中心、不断增强人民获得感幸福感安全感的新阶段。这一阶段在中国发展进程中具有重要意义，将为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦进一步奠定基础。
The new development stage implies the new historic juncture China now stands. China will enter a new development stage in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, when the country is going to start a new journey towards realization of its second centenary goal, i.e. to build China into a modern socialist country in 2049, when the country celebrates the 100th anniversary of its founding. It is a new stage in which high-quality economic and social development is promoted and people’s increasing needs for a better life are met; it is a new stage featuring deepened reforms, expanded opening-up, and fostering of new development momentum. It is also a new stage focusing on people’s well-being and the enhancement of people’s sense of gains, happiness and security. This stage is of great importance in China’s development process and will further consolidate the foundation for realizing the Chinese dream of the nation’s great rejuvenation.
新发展理念指明了中国高质量发展的目标方向。中共十八大以来，中国共产党提出的“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的新发展理念，已成为经济和社会发展的根本指导原则和目标方向。“十四五”时期，中国将更加全面深入地贯彻新发展理念，使创新成为第一动力，协调成为内生特点，绿色成为普遍形态，开放成为必由之路，共享成为根本目的，实现经济社会发展的“六个新”目标，即经济发展取得新成效，改革开放迈出新步伐，社会文明程度得到新提高，生态文明建设实现新进步，民生福祉达到新水平，国家治理效能得到新提升。
The new development philosophy points out the direction for China’s high-quality development. As early as in the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012 , the Party proposed to pursue the vision of innovative, coordinated, green, and open development for all. “High-quality development can meet the people’s ever-growing desire for a better life. It reflects the new development philosophy: In high-quality development, innovation is the primary driving force; coordination is an endogenous feature; go-green is a prevailing mode; openness is the only path; and sharing is the fundamental goal,” President Xi Jinping said at the Central Conference on Economic Work in December 2017. The near-term goals for the 14th Five-Year Plan period, or six “new” in short, include new results in economic development, new strides in reform and opening-up, new improvement in social etiquette and civility, new progress in building an ecological civilization, new heights in people’s well-being, and new levels of efficacy in state governance.
新发展格局明确了“十四五”时期中国的战略重点。中国将构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，不断提升产业技术水平，改善供需结构。这里我想向坦桑朋友说明的是，新发展格局强调的是国内国际双循环，不是中国国内经济的单循环，更不意味着中国对外开放程度的下降。相反，我们将更加深度融入国际市场、参与国际循环，在更高水平上扩大对外开放。这不仅有利于增强中国经济发展的韧性，也有利于带动国际经济循环，推动“一带一路”高质量发展，促进同各国互利共赢、共同繁荣。
The new development paradigm clarifies China’s strategic focus during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. China will promote the new development paradigm with domestic circulation as its mainstay and domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other, continuously upgrade industrial technology level, improve the supply and demand structure. What I want to make clear to my Tanzanian friends is that, the new development paradigm emphasizes the dual-cycle, not a single cycle of China’s domestic economy, and that China’s door to the world will not close. On the contrary, China will be more deeply integrated into the international market, participate in the international cycle, and expand opening-up at a higher level. This is not only conducive to enhancing the resilience of China’s economic development, but also helpful for driving the international economic cycle, promoting the high-quality development of Belt and Road cooperation, and achieving win-win results and common prosperity for all countries.
未来一段时期，中国将坚持实施更大范围、更宽领域、更深层次对外开放，将创新放在现代化全局中的重要位置，将实施供给侧结构性改革、扩大内需作为战略基点，实现由全球高增长中心到创新中心、由世界工厂向世界市场的转变。中国有14亿人口，中等收入群体超过4亿，连续十年位居世界第二大货物进口国。未来十年，中国累计商品进口额有望超过22万亿美元。中国发展将为世界经济注入更大信心、提供更强动力、创造更多机会。中国欢迎包括坦桑尼亚在内的非洲国家共享中国发展机遇、分享中国发展红利。
In the coming years, China will persist in opening to the outside world on a greater scale, in wider fields and at deeper levels, placing innovation at an important position in the overall modernization, and will implement supply-side structural reforms as well as expand domestic demand as the strategic basis, so as to transform the country from the global high growth center to innovation center, and from the world factory to the world market. With a population of 1.4 billion and a middle-income group of more than 400 million, China has been the world’s second largest importer of goods for ten consecutive years. In the next ten years, China’s cumulative merchandise imports are expected to exceed US$22 trillion. China’s development will bring greater confidence to the world economy. China welcomes African countries, including Tanzania, to share the opportunities and dividends of China’s development.
一个多月前，坦桑尼亚平稳成功地举行了第六次大选，马古富力总统众望所归、胜选连任。日前，马古富力总统在第12届议会开幕式上发表讲话，对未来5年坦国民经济和社会发展作出规划，擘画了蓝图。中坦同步进入新的发展阶段。值此重要时刻，习近平主席于12月15日同马古富力总统通电话，就深化双方互利共赢合作达成一系列共识，为中坦关系未来发展指明了方向。中坦两国将进一步扩大双方在发展理念和目标上的共同点，增强合作的契合度。我们愿与坦方加强政策沟通，将“十四五”规划与坦《2025年愿景》、2020—2025年竞选宣言进行对接，全方位加强双方在农牧业、渔业、矿业、旅游业、贸易、投资、基础设施、信息技术等领域合作，为坦加快工业化进程、创造就业和改善民生发挥更大作用，更好造福两国和两国人民。
In late October, Tanzania held its sixth general election in a smooth and successful manner. A few days ago, President John Pombe Magufuli delivered a speech at the opening of the 12th National Assembly of Tanzania, drawing the blueprint for the national economic and social development in the next five years. Both China and Tanzania have entered a new stage of development. At this important juncture, Chinese President Xi Jinping had a telephone conversation with his Tanzanian counterpart John Pombe Magufuli on 15 December. The two heads of states reached consensus on a series of issues relating to the deepening of mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Tanzania, and pointed out a clear direction for the future development of China-Tanzania relations. The two countries will further expand the common ground in development concepts and goals, and enhance the compatibility of development strategies. We are ready to strengthen policy communication with the Tanzanian side, and synergize the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 as well as the CCM Election Manifesto 2020-2025, with the purpose of strengthening comprehensive cooperation between our two countries in trade, investment, infrastructure, information technology and other fields. By doing so, the bilateral cooperation can play a greater role in accelerating industrialization, creating more jobs and improving people’s livelihood in Tanzania, as well as bringing greater benefits to our two countries and peoples.