发挥各自优势，打造中苏经贸合作升级版
Leverage the Respective Strengths of China and Sudan in Updating Their Economic and Trade Cooperation
驻苏丹大使马新民在《今日喀土穆报》发表署名文章
Ambassador Ma Xinmin Publishes Article on Khartoum Today
2020年9月7日
7 September 2020
中苏建交61年来，经贸合作一直是中苏友好合作关系的物质基础和重要支柱。回顾过去，中苏经贸合作遍地开花，成果丰硕。展望未来，两国经贸合作蓄势待发，前景光明。
Over the past 61 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Sudan, economic and trade cooperation has always been the material foundation and a key pillar of the friendly partnership between the two sides. Looking back, China and Sudan have achieved fruitful outcomes in their booming economic and trade cooperation. Looking ahead, economic and trade cooperation between China and Sudan is poised for strong momentum and bright prospects.
中苏经贸合作基础深厚成绩斐然
Built on a Solid Foundation, China-Sudan Economic and Trade Cooperation Has Secured Remarkable Achievements
中苏合作是中国对非合作的先行者和示范者，是南南合作的典范。苏丹是最早积极响应“一带一路”倡议、并与中国签署共建“一带一路”协议的国家之一。历史上，苏丹萨瓦金港是中国古商队通往非洲的集结点，也是连接中国与阿拉伯、非洲国家的纽带。在当代，两国在经贸、基建、投资、医疗等各领域务实合作成果喜人，中国连续多年保持苏丹第一大贸易伙伴国地位，超过130家中资企业投资苏丹经济、民生等广泛领域，累计金额超过130亿美元。
China-Sudan cooperation spearheads and sets a good example for China’s cooperation with Africa and provides a model for South-South cooperation. Sudan was among the first countries to actively respond to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and to sign the agreement on Belt and Road cooperation with China. Historically, Sudan’s port of Suakin was the gathering point for ancient Chinese trade caravans to Africa, acting as the link between China and Arabian and African countries. Nowadays, pragmatic cooperation between the two nations on economic, trade, infrastructure, investment, medical care and other areas have achieved satisfactory results. China remains the largest trading partner of Sudan for years on end, with investment made by over 130 Chinese companies in economic, livelihood and other fields in Sudan adding up to over USD 13 billion.
中苏石油合作是两国优势互补、互利共赢的成功典范。1995年以来，两国石油企业通力合作，利用苏丹的丰富石油储藏和中国的雄厚资金、成熟经验、先进技术，建成了涵盖采油、炼油、石化贸易上下游全环节的石油“黑色产业链”，培养了一大批石油专业技术人才，实现600亿美元财政收入、400亿美元外汇收入，打造了苏丹经济增长黄金十年。
China-Sudan oil cooperation is a successful example of drawing on each other’s merits to pursue mutual benefit and win-win results. Since 1995, Chinese and Sudanese oil enterprises have conducted close cooperation. Thanks to abundant oil deposits in Sudan and strong capital, mature practices and advanced technology from China, they successfully established the black oil industrial chain that engages in all upstream and downstream sectors, including oil exploitation, oil refining and petrochemical trade, and cultivated a large group of oil professionals. Their oil cooperation has brought in USD 60 billion in fiscal revenue and foreign exchange earnings of USD 40 billion. Sudan’s economic growth experienced its golden decade.
中苏农业合作大幅提高苏丹农业现代化水平，造福两国人民。农业合作是中苏合作新的增长点。两国设立农业合作执行委员会，合作建立中苏农业合作开发区、援苏农业技术示范中心，开展中国、苏丹、联合国粮农组织三方南南合作，中国为苏丹举行56期共255人次的农业技术培训。截至2019年底，中国援苏农业技术示范中心培育的棉花新品种“中国一号”种植面积已近30万公顷，带动苏丹2500个农户致富，惠及3万多人就业，为当地农民带来实实在在的好处。
China-Sudan agricultural cooperation contributes to modernizing Sudan’s agricultural industry, bringing benefits to both peoples. Agricultural cooperation has evolved into a new engine of growth in bilateral cooperation. The two countries have set up the Executive Committee on China-Sudan Agricultural Cooperation, jointly established the China-Sudan Agricultural Cooperation Development Zone and the China Aid Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center in Sudan, and conducted triangular and South-South cooperation among China, Sudan and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. So far, China has organized 56 training programs on agricultural technology for a total of 255 trainees in Sudan. By the end of 2019, the new cotton variety bred by the China Aid Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center in Sudan, known as “China No.1”, has been grown in approximately 300,000 hectares, which enables 2,500 farmers to obtain their wealth and 30,000 locals to have their jobs. Cooperation in cotton growing has delivered tangible benefits to local farmers.
中苏港口合作有力提升苏丹港口吞吐能力，促进红海临港产业和对外贸易发展。1997年以来，两国开始港口合作开发，覆盖海事工程、疏浚吹填、道路桥梁、土木建筑、港口机械等多个领域，逐渐将苏丹港从15泊位、靠泊能力2万吨级的码头提升为25泊位、年吞吐量800万吨、靠泊能力7万吨级的红海综合性港口，成为苏丹乃至北非通往世界的枢纽，推动苏丹对外开放和物流、进出口贸易等区域经济增长。
China-Sudan port cooperation gives a strong boost to the handling capacity of the port of Sudan and propels the development of port industries and foreign trade in regions adjacent to the Red Sea. Since 1997 when China-Sudan cooperation on port development was initiated, port cooperation has extended to many fields, ranging from marine works, dredging and reclamation, construction of highways and bridges, to civil construction and port mechanics. As a result, the then 15-berth port of Sudan which was able to accommodate 20,000-DWT vessels is gradually transformed into a 25-berth integrated port on the Red Sea that is now capable to accommodate vessels up to 70,000 DWT and reaches an annual throughput of eight million tonnes. It has been the gateway of Sudan and even North Africa to the world, and facilities Sudan’s opening up and regional economic growth via logistics and import and export trade.
中苏基础设施合作广泛惠及百姓，为苏丹经济社会发展奠定基础。从上世纪援建友谊厅、恩图曼友谊医院开始，中国企业广泛参与苏丹路桥、房建、水利、电力、通信等领域建设，承建麦洛维大坝、罗塞雷斯大坝、上阿特巴拉水利枢纽三座大坝和包括西纳大桥在内的“六路一桥”等重点项目。现在苏丹路多了、电通了、水来了，经济社会发展有了基础。
China-Sudan infrastructure cooperation benefits a broad number of locals and lays foundation for Sudan’s economic and social development. In the years following the construction of the Friendship Hall and the Omdurman Friendship Hospital aided by the Chinese side, Chinese enterprises have engaged in Sudan’s construction projects in a variety of areas, ranging from highways, bridges, house construction to water conservancy, electricity and communications. Among the key projects they were tasked with are three massive dams, namely the Merowe Dam, the Roseires Dam and the Upper Atbara Hydro Junction, and “six highways and one bridge” including the Sinnar Bridge. As more highways open and electricity and water supply become increasingly available, it provides the foundation for economic and social development of the country.
中苏经贸合作优势互补大有可为
China-Sudan Economic and Trade Cooperation Has Bright Prospects If Their Complementary Advantages Are Maximized
苏丹拥有188万平方公里的广袤国土、4000万人口的广阔市场，拥有红海天然良港、青白尼罗河等自然禀赋资源，孕育着得天独厚的发展潜力。中国是世界第二大经济体，拥有雄厚的资金、成熟的技术经验和完善的产业体系。两国优势互补，需求高度契合，深具合作潜力和空间。
With a vast territory of 1.88 million square kilometers and a population of 40 million people, Sudan is endowed with abundant natural resources, including good natural harbors on the Red Sea and the Blue and White Niles, which embodies a unique potential of development. And China, the world’s second largest economy, has solid financial strength, mature technological experience and thorough industrial systems. Their complementary advantages and highly compatible demands will create great potential and space for cooperation.
中方愿在共建“一带一路”倡议和中非、中阿合作论坛框架下，整合双方优势资源，做大中苏共同利益“蛋糕”，在深化现有合作基础上，探索合作发展新引擎，培育合作新增长点。
Under the framework of the BRI and the framework of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), China will integrate dominant resources of the two sides to make the pie of shared interests even bigger. It will also explore new engines and drivers to boost cooperation for common development, while deepening existing cooperation between the two nations.
用好苏丹自然资源优势，打造农牧全产业链。苏丹土地、淡水和劳动力资源充足，是非洲大陆传统农牧业大国，曾被誉为“非洲粮仓”。农牧业是苏丹经济的重要支柱，贡献三分之一GDP和40%就业岗位，但7400万公顷可耕地中仅28%得到耕种，1亿头存栏牲畜每年仅出口500万头，发展空间仍然巨大。中方愿积极推动企业依托中苏农业合作开发区项目，继续探索开发芝麻、花生、苜蓿草等经济作物，延伸棉花“白色产业链”；依托援苏屠宰厂等项目，提高牲畜产品附加值，打造畜牧业“红色产业链”；依托石油和矿物资源，在继续开拓石油合作的同时，积极探索合作开发矿业资源。
Sudan’s superiority in natural resources needs to be maximized to create whole industrial chains for agriculture and animal husbandry. Sudan, a large agrarian and animal-husbandry country on the African continent rich in land, freshwater and labor resources, was once regarded as the “granary of Africa”. Farming and animal husbandry are the economic mainstay of Sudan, contributing one third to the country’s GDP and 40% to its employment. However, merely 28% of the 74 million hectares arable land has been in use for planting, and among 100 million livestock on hand, only five million head of it is exported every year. This implies that Sudan has tremendous space for development. China is ready to actively prompt enterprises to exploit the China-Sudan Agricultural Cooperation Development Zone in continuing developing cash crops like sesame, peanut and alfalfa and extending the white cotton industrial chain. They will also be inspired to, through the China-aid slaughterhouse program and others, enhance the added value of livestock products to build the red animal-husbandry industrial chain. Moreover, relying on oil and mineral resources, they will be encouraged to actively explore cooperative development of mineral resources while expanding oil cooperation.
深挖苏丹海河港潜力，打造临海临河区域经济。苏丹港、萨瓦金港两大港口向西辐射多个内陆国家，是非洲腹地重要出海口，尼罗河更是淡水资源宝库和航运动脉。中方愿积极推动中苏企业落实苏丹港合作开发协议，共同推动红海经济特区建设；依托尼罗河水运疏浚等重点项目，共同开发尼罗河航运和旅游资源；依托“苏丹港-青岛”友好城市纽带和“两港一河”优势资源，建设红海货运集散中心。
The potential of harbors in Sudan needs to be fully tapped to boost the economy of regions bordering the Red Sea and the Nile. The port of Sudan and the port of Suakin, two major ports with spillover effects westward on multiple landlocked countries, play as vital access to sea for the hinterland of Africa. The Nile rivers are the treasure-house of freshwater resources and the main artery for shipping. China would like to actively promote the implementation of the agreement on cooperative development of the port of Sudan among Chinese and Sudanese enterprises and work together with the Sudanese side to push forward the construction of the Red Sea special economic zone. Through certain key projects including one aimed at waterway dredging for the Nile, China and Sudan will collaboratively exploit the shipping and tourism resources along the Nile rivers. Furthermore, the Red Sea cargo distribution center will be built based on the bond of friendship between Port Sudan and Qiangdao and through the utilization of premium resources of “two ports and the Nile”.
聚焦基础设施短板，推动“软硬”基建合作。苏丹全国通电率不足60%，人均电力用量仅190千瓦时/年，5978公里铁路部分年久失修，手机覆盖率不足80%，网络覆盖和接入水平落后于民众需求，电力、铁路、机场、通信等基础设施亟待完善。中方愿继续积极参与苏丹基础设施建设，推动喀土穆新国际机场和卫星导航等重点项目，深化卫生教育“软基建”、信息技术“新基建”、交通运输“硬基建”等领域合作，推动中苏共建“一带一路”向高质量、可持续、惠民生方向快速发展。
Focus needs to be put on infrastructure weakness to facilitate cooperation in soft and hard infrastructure. Electricity is supplied in less than 60% of places across Sudan, with per capita power consumption as low as 190 kilowatt hours per annum. Certain sections of the 5978-km railway network are now in some disrepair. Cell phone signals are available in less than 80% of the regions in the country, and network availability and connection quality are far from enough to meet people’s needs. All of these illustrate that it is imperative to improve local infrastructure related to electricity, railways, airports and communications. China is willing to continue with its participation in Sudan’s infrastructure construction by pushing ahead the new Khartoum International Airport project, the satellite navigation program and other key projects, deepening bilateral cooperation on soft infrastructure in health and education, new infrastructure in information technology and hard infrastructure in transport, in an effort to direct Belt and Road cooperation between China and Sudan towards high-quality and sustainable development and improvement in people’s living conditions.
同心山成玉，协力土变金。中苏两国利益与机遇共享，两国人民对未来合作满怀期待。中国愿与苏丹继往开来，携手前行，打造中苏务实合作升级版，谱写尼罗河畔丝路合作新华章。
Nothing cannot be done by people with one heart and one mind. China and Sudan face shared interests and opportunities in their future cooperation, for which the two peoples have full expectations. China stands ready to join hands with Sudan to upgrade their practical cooperation on the basis of past achievements, and write a new chapter of Belt and Road cooperation along the Nile rivers.