关于中国新疆问题的事实真相
Some Facts on the Xinjiang-Related Issues in China
驻冰岛大使金智健在冰岛《晨报》发表署名文章
Signed Article by Ambassador Jin Zhijian Published on Morgunblaðið
2019年8月10日
10 August 2019
部分冰岛媒体最近发表了关于中国新疆的文章和社论，其中不少信息与事实不符，观点存在偏差，给广大读者造成误导。为使大家对新疆问题有一个全面正确了解，我想从以下几方面向冰岛朋友做一简单介绍：
Recently some Icelandic media published certain articles and editorials on Xinjiang-related issues in China with many false information and misleading opinions. In order to help the readers have a thorough and proper understanding of the Xinjiang-related issues, I would like to make a brief introduction on this subject from the following aspects:
一、新疆是一个多民族聚居的地区
1. Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic region
新疆维吾尔自治区是中国五个少数民族自治区之一，地处中国西北。中国56个民族在新疆全有，其中维吾尔族和汉族分别约占新疆人口的48%和37%。新疆地区既是新疆各民族的家园，更是中华民族共同家园的组成部分。
Located in the northwest of China, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is one of the five ethnic autonomous regions in China. There resides all of the 56 ethnic groups in China with the Uighurs and Hans accounting for 48% and 37% respectively. Xinjiang is not only the homeland of all ethnic groups, but also an integral part of the common homeland of the Chinese nation.
二、新疆曾一段时期深受恐怖主义、极端主义之害
2. Xinjiang has suffered from terrorism and extremism for some time
20世纪90年代以来，特别是美国“9·11”事件后， 中国境内外民族分裂势力、宗教极端势力、暴力恐怖势力“三股势力”在新疆策划并组织实施了数千起爆炸、暗杀、投毒、纵火、袭击、骚乱、暴乱等系列暴力恐怖事件，造成大量无辜群众被害，数百名公安民警殉职，财产损失无法估算。这些暴恐行径给新疆各族人民带来了深重灾难，不仅严重破坏了新疆安定祥和的秩序，更是肆意践踏了新疆各族群众的生命权、健康权、财产权和发展权等基本人权，严重践踏了人类尊严。
Since the 1990s, especially after the “September 11 terrorist attacks” in the US, the terrorism, extremism and separatism forces in China and abroad have plotted, organized and conducted thousands of violent terrorist attacks including bombings, assassinations, poisoning, arson, assaults, unrest and riots, causing the deaths of a large number of innocent people and hundreds of police officers, as well as immeasurable property damage. The horrific crimes of terrorists have brought profound disasters to the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, which not only severely undermined the stable and peaceful order and the atmosphere of solidarity and progress of Xinjiang, but also trampled upon the essential human rights of people of all ethnic groups in the region, such as their rights to life, health, property and development, and human dignity at large.
三、依法开展反恐怖主义和去极端化斗争势在必行
3. It is imperative to fight terrorism and extremism in accordance with law
恐怖主义和极端主义是世界性难题，需要国际社会积极应对。面对恐怖主义和极端主义的严峻威胁，以及新疆各族群众急切要求打击暴恐犯罪的强烈呼声，新疆维吾尔自治区政府依法开展反恐怖主义和去极端化斗争，在保护合法宗教活动，满足信教群众正常宗教需求，维护公民和组织的合法权益的同时，严厉打击各种形式的恐怖主义，并积极探索预防性反恐和去极端化，其中之一就是设立职业技能教育培训中心，目的是通过教育帮助少数受极端主义侵蚀和影响的人摆脱恐怖和极端思想，早日回归社会，防止他们成为恐怖主义的施暴者和受害者，而不是等这些人成为危害他人和社会的恐怖分子后再去打击。这本质上是一种预防性反恐，是防患于未然。教培中心和寄宿学校没有什么区别，学员通过“三学一去”，即学习法律知识、国家通用语言和职业技能，实现去极端化目标。学员可以定期回家，有事随时请假，亲属可以来访，还可视频电话交流。学员达到结业标准后，由学校和政府推荐就业或自主创业等。教培中心免费提供住宿，依法保障学员各项基本权利，满足学员学习、生活、娱乐等需求，绝不是有些人说的“集中营”。学员经过几个月或一年的学习，绝大多数回归社会以后成功实现就业，实现了一人就业带动全家脱贫的目标，取得了非常好的效果。
Fighting terrorism and eradicating extremism is a global challenge which should be addressed proactively by the international community. Facing the grave threat of terrorism and extremism as well as the pressing anti-terrorism desire of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, the local government has resolutely taken measures in preventing and combating violent terrorist crimes in accordance with law. While fulfilling the reasonable demands of religious believers by protecting the lawful religious activities and the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and organizations, it strikes severely at all forms of terrorism on one hand, and actively explored preventive anti-terrorism and deradicalization measures on the other, including setting up Vocational Education and Training Centers, aiming to educate and rehabilitate the individuals who have been influenced by extremist ideologies so they are not victimized by and fall prey to terrorism and extremism and could return to the society as soon as possible rather than cracking down on them once they become terrorists endangering others and the society. This is essentially a preventative treatment and a precautious measure. There is no difference between a training center and a boarding school. Courses on the national common language, legal knowledge and professional skills help the trainees deradicalize. The trainees can go home regularly, ask for a leave when needed and make phone or video calls to their family, and their family members can come to the training centers to visit them. Upon completion of the courses, the trainees will be recommended for employment or self-employment by the school and the government. The training centers provide free accommodations and safeguard all basic rights of the trainees in accordance with law to meet their needs in study, life and entertainment. The centers are by no means “concentration camps”. After a few months or a year of study, most of the students succeeded in getting employed and lifting the whole family out of poverty, which helps the cause of poverty alleviation as well.
新疆在反恐领域的这一积极探索实际上是受到一些西方国家去极端化做法的启示，如一些欧洲国家在中学开设反极端化课程、出台规定禁止穿戴蒙面罩袍、严密监控有极端思想的人等等。因此，设立教培机构是一种预防性反恐举措，是中国为国际反恐斗争做出的又一新贡献。
In fact, the exploration of Xinjiang on counter-terrorism has also been inspired by the de-redicalization methods of some western countries. For example, some European countries have set up anti-extremist courses in middle schools, published regulations to ban the wearing of masked robes, and closely monitored people with extremist thoughts. In general, the establishment of Vocational Education and Training Centers is a preventive counter-terrorism initiative and another important contribution of China to the international counter-terrorism cause.
四、新疆是个自由、安全的地方
4. Xinjiang is a free and safe place
新疆采取多种措施保护公民宗教信仰自由、保障各族人民文化权利和使用本民族语言文字的权利。目前新疆有10个主要信仰伊斯兰教的民族，共有清真寺2.44万座，平均每530位穆斯林就有一座清真寺，人均拥有清真寺数量居世界前列，一切正常的宗教活动均受到法律保护。民族优秀传统文化得到保护和弘扬。民族语言文字在司法、行政、教育、新闻出版、广播电视、互联网、社会公共事务等领域广泛使用。妇女、儿童、老年人和残疾人权利得到充分尊重和依法保护。新疆采取的一系列反恐和去极端化举措，扭转了新疆安全形势，已经近三年没有发生暴恐事件，社会稳定、民族团结、百姓安居乐业，各族群众的获得感、幸福感、安全感都得到了大幅提升，都衷心拥护政府的政策举措。
Xinjiang has taken various measures to protect citizens’ freedom of religious belief, safeguard the cultural rights and the rights of all ethnic groups to use their own ethnic languages. In Xinjiang where people from ten ethnic groups following Islam, there are 24,400 mosques, which means average 530 Muslims share one mosque, a figure much higher than in many other parts of the world. Normal religious activities are protected by law. Fine traditional cultures of ethnic minorities are protected and developed. Ethnic minority languages are widely used in judicature, administration, education, press and publication, radio and television, the internet and social public affairs. The rights of women, children, the aged and people with disabilities are fully respected and protected by law. The series of counter-terrorism and de-radicalization measures taken in Xinjiang have turned the situation around. For almost three years in a row, not a single violent and terrorist incident has taken place in Xinjiang. The region now enjoys social stability and unity among all ethnic groups. People there are living a happy life with a stronger sense of fulfillment and security. They endorse the government’s policies and measures wholeheartedly.
五、国际社会积极评价新疆反恐和去极端化举措
5.The international society speaks highly of the counter-terrorism and de-radicalization measures in Xinjiang
新疆的问题是反恐、去极端化的问题，而不是宗教和人权问题。去年以来，新疆教培中心接待了来自几十个国家数以千计的新闻媒体朋友、各国使节、专家学者、人权组织官员、宗教人士等参观考察。绝大多数国家的官员和来访人士认为教培中心是遏制暴力恐怖犯罪和极端主义传播的有效教育方式。不久前，来自亚非拉欧等地区的50个国家常驻日内瓦大使联名致函联合国人权理事会主席和人权事务高级专员，积极评价中国经济社会发展成就及反恐、去极端化成果和人权保障水平，支持中国在涉疆问题上的立场，集体明确指出新疆设立教培中心等反恐和去极端化举措有效保障了基本人权。
The issues Xinjiang faces are counter-terrorism and de-radicalization rather than religion and human rights ones. Since last year, Xinjiang Education and Training Centers have received thousands of media friends, diplomats, experts and scholars, human rights organization officials and religious figures from dozens of countries. Most visitors believe that the Education and Training Centers are effective to curb violent crimes of terrorism and the spread of extremism. Recently Ambassadors of 50 countries from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe to the UN Office at Geneva co-signed a letter to the President of the UN Human Rights Council and High Commissioner for Human Rights. They spoke highly of the social and economic development in China, the achievements of Chin’s counter-terrorism and de-radicalization measures as well as the protection of human rights. They supported China’s position on Xinjiang-related issues and collectively pointed out that the Vocational Education and Training Centers and other counter-terrorism and de-radicalization measures in Xinjiang have effectively protected basic human rights.
“鞋子合不合脚，自己穿了才知道”。在中国新疆问题上，最有发言权的是包括新疆各族人民在内的全体中国人民。希望冰岛民众能全面客观看待新疆地区形势，不要盲从、轻信一些人的道听途说和部分媒体的片面报道。欢迎大家有机会到新疆实地看一看，亲身感受新疆的秀美风光和所发生的巨大变化。
“You do not know whether the shoes fit until you put them on.” The best-qualified to speak on Xinjiang are the Xinjiang people of all ethnic groups and the whole Chinese nation. We hope that Icelandic people can view the Xinjiang-related issues from an objective perspective, do not blindly follow and be easily convinced by some hearsay or the one-sided reports from some media. We welcome all of you to make field visits to Xinjiang, and see for yourselves the beautiful scenery and profound changes taking place in Xinjiang.