常驻联合国代表团马朝旭大使在武装冲突中失踪人员问题公开会上的发言
Statement by Ambassador Ma Zhaoxu at Security Council Briefing on Missing Persons in Armed Conflict
2019年6月11日
11 June 2019
主席先生，
Mr. President,
中国赞赏科威特倡议召开武装冲突中失踪人员问题公开会，欢迎科威特副首相兼外交大臣萨巴赫阁下来纽约主持此次会议。感谢红十字国际委员会毛雷尔主席和联合国人道主义事务协调办公室行动与宣传事务司盖拉尼司长的通报。
China appreciates the initiative of Kuwait to convene a briefing on missing persons in armed conflict and welcomes Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kuwait, his excellency Mr. Al-Sabah, to come to New York to preside over the meeting. I thank ICRC president Maurer, and Director Gaelani of OCHA’s Operations and Advocacy Division for their briefings.
几十年前，《日内瓦公约》及其附加议定书对武装冲突中失踪人员问题作出明确规定。令人遗憾的是，长期以来该问题没有得到充分重视，更没有得到有效解决。近年来，武装冲突造成的失踪人员数量持续增加。在这些触目惊心的数字背后，我们看到一个又一个忍受无尽痛苦的家庭，他们有权得知失踪亲人的下落。今天一致通过的第2474号决议，是安理会首次就武装冲突中失踪人员问题通过专题性决议。这不仅充分体现了安理会对该问题的高度重视和对国际人道法的坚定维护，而且对有效解决武装冲突中失踪人员问题具有重要意义。中方对此表示欢迎，并对决议草案参加了共提。我们在此对科威特政府和常驻团为此所作努力表示高度赞赏。
Decades ago, the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols established clear rules regarding the issue of missing persons in armed conflict. Unfortunately, for a long time, this issue has not received sufficient attention and has not been effectively addressed. In recent years, the number of missing persons as a result of armed conflict has continued to increase. Behind these shocking numbers is one after another family subjected to endless suffering. They have the right to know the whereabouts of their loved ones. Resolution 2474 unanimously adopted today is the first thematic resolution on the issue of missing persons in armed conflict adopted by the Council. This not only fully demonstrates that the Council places high priority on this issue and stands firm in upholding international humanitarian law, but also has important significance for effectively addressing the issue of missing persons in armed conflict. China welcomes this and joined the cosponsors of the draft resolution. We commend the Government of Kuwait and its Permanent Mission for the hard work to this end.
主席先生，
Mr. President,
彻底解决武装冲突中失踪人员问题必须消除武装冲突的根源。安理会应切实履行维护国际和平与安全的首要职责，大力推动通过对话协商和政治谈判化解分歧，预防冲突发生，和平解决争端，减少武装冲突。要坚决摒弃文明冲突、冷战思维、零和博弈等陈旧观念，构建不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方的建设性伙伴关系，推动建设相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，共同构建人类命运共同体。
To fully address the issue of missing persons in armed conflict, we must eliminate the root causes of armed conflict. The Security Council should earnestly fulfill its primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security by vigorously promoting the resolution of differences through dialogue, consultation and political negotiations to prevent conflict, resolve disputes peacefully and reduce armed conflict. We must firmly reject anachronistic ideas such as clash of civilizations, Cold War mentality and zero-sum game, forge a constructive partnership featuring non-alliance, non-confrontation and not targeting any third party and work to set up a paradigm of a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness and justice, and win-win cooperation in a joint effort to build a community of shared future for human kind.
根据《日内瓦公约》，包括当事国在内的冲突各方均应承担寻找武装冲突中失踪人员的责任，并有义务向其家人澄清下落，帮助离散家庭重聚。其中，当事国政府承担首要责任，其作用不可替代。在冲突不可避免的情况下，各方应在条件允许时，尽快采取有效措施，预防和减少人员失踪。应对战俘等有关人员信息进行登记，尽力搜寻失踪人员，并同其家属建立信息分享与沟通渠道。对武装冲突造成大量人员失踪情况，应根据国内法和有关国际法进行调查和追责，并充分尊重当事国司法主权。
In accordance with the Geneva Conventions, all parties to a conflict, including the countries concerned, should assume responsibility for searching for missing persons in armed conflict and are obligated to inform their families of their whereabouts and help reunite separated families. The government of the country concerned bears the primary responsibility and plays an irreplaceable role. If conflict is unavoidable, the parties should take effective measures as soon as possible, when conditions allow, to prevent and reduce the disappearance of persons. It is necessary to register the information on prisoners and other relevant persons, make every effort to search for the missing persons and establish information sharing and communication channels with their families. The cases of large number of people going missing in armed conflict should be investigated to hold those responsible accountable in line with domestic law and relevant international law. In this process, the judicial sovereignty of the countries concerned should be fully respected.
国际社会应在尊重国家主权基础上，为当事国积极提供建设性帮助。应加强信息沟通和经验分享，在法医鉴定、探地雷达、卫星定位等有关科学技术领域帮助当事国加强能力建设，有针对性地应对武装冲突中失踪人员问题。在这方面，中方高度赞赏红十字国际委员会多年来秉承中立、公正、独立的原则，为解决有关问题发挥重要积极作用。希望人道机构能本着人道主义和专业精神，为减轻武装冲突人道影响、寻找失踪人员下落发挥建设性作用。
The international community should actively provide constructive assistance to the countries concerned on the basis of respect for national sovereignty. It is imperative to strengthen information and experience sharing, help the countries concerned with capacity building in such fields of science and technology as forensic sciences, ground penetrating radar, satellite positioning, etc., and respond to the issue of missing persons in armed conflict in a tailored approach. In this regard, China highly commends ICRC for upholding the principles of neutrality, impartiality and independence and for playing an important and positive role in solving relevant issues over the years. It is our hope that all humanitarian agencies can play a constructive role in reducing the humanitarian impact of armed conflict and in searching for missing persons in a spirit of humanitarianism and professionalism.
谢谢主席先生。
Thank you, Mr. President.