中英关系的“三要三不要”
Three Choices in China-UK Relations
刘晓明大使在英国保守党议会中国小组早餐会的主旨演讲
Keynote Speech by H.E. Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the Conservative China Group House of Commons Breakfast
2019年2月13日，英国议会大厦
Palace of Westminster, 13 February 2019
尊敬的英国保守党议会中国小组主席克里夫顿-布朗爵士，
尊敬的英国保守党议会中国小组秘书长布拉德肖先生，
尊敬的各位议员，
女士们，先生们：
Sir Geoffrey,
Secretary Jeremy Bradshaw,
My Lords and MPs,
Ladies and Gentlemen:
大家早上好！
Good morning!
很高兴再次出席保守党议会中国小组早餐会。今天是中国农历己亥猪年正月初九，按照中国传统还在“年”里，我谨祝大家猪年吉祥如意！
It is a real delight to join you again at the Conservative China Group breakfast. Today is the ninth day of the Year of the Pig. According to Chinese tradition, the festival is not over yet. Let me take this opportunity to wish you a happy and prosperous Year of the Pig!
对于“猪”，中西方文化有不同解读。西方文化大都认为猪懒惰、邋遢，而在中国文化里，“猪”则象征着财富和幸运。我听说丘吉尔首相曾有一句关于“猪”的名言：“我喜欢猪，狗谄媚，猫轻蔑，而猪不卑不亢”。看来，在西方也有人喜欢猪。这使我感到，对任何事情都不能先入为主，而应多了解、多交流，兼听则明。正是本着这种精神，我今天与各位交流一下对中英经贸合作乃至中英关系的看法。
Pig has different symbolic meanings in different cultures. In the West, pig is associated with laziness and sloppiness. In China, pig symbolises wealth and fortune. But one westerner by the name of Winston Churchill said, “I like pigs. Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals.” It seems that there are people in the West who like pigs. Our preconceived ideas may be wrong. This shows it is necessary to stay open and exchange ideas with others. Listening to both sides of a story makes people wise. It is in this spirit that I would like to share with you my views on China-UK business cooperation and our relationship as a whole.
多年来，中英经贸合作始终是两国关系的“压舱石”和“助推器”。去年，两国经贸合作有三个特点：
Over the years, China-UK trade and economic cooperation has always been the “ballast” and “propeller” of our bilateral relations. In 2018, we can see three features:
一是双边贸易迈上新台阶。2018年，中英货物贸易达804.4亿美元，首次突破800亿大关。其中，英对华出口238.8亿美元，同比增长6.9%。中国是英国在欧盟外第二大贸易伙伴，英国则是中国在欧盟内第三大贸易伙伴。
First, bilateral trade reached a new stage. In 2018, China-UK trade in goods was $80.44 billion, exceeding $80 billion for the first time. British export to China reached $23.88 billion, increasing by 6.9% year on year, much higher than British GDP growth. China remained the second largest trading partner of the UK outside the EU, and the UK was the third largest trading partner of China among all EU members.
二是双向投资取得新进展。2018年，英国对华直接投资38.9亿美元，居欧洲之首、全球第五。中国对英直接投资17.1亿美元，同比增长14%。500多家中资企业落户英国，中国在英累计投资超过200亿美元，居欧洲前列。
Second, two-way investment made new progress. In 2018, with its direct investment in China totalling $2.89 billion, the UK is China’s fifth largest international investor and number one source of FDI in Europe. Chinese investment in the UK stood at $1.71 billion, increasing by 14% over the previous year. As of today, there are more than 500 Chinese companies in the UK, with a total accumulated investment of more than $20 billion. This is definitely one of the largest counts of Chinese investment in Europe.
三是金融合作呈现新亮点。伦敦是中国境外最大离岸人民币交易中心。去年10月，伦敦人民币和美元日均交易730亿美元，首次超过英镑和欧元交易量。中再集团成功收购桥社英国控股公司100%股权。双方公布《“一带一路”绿色投资原则》，推动中英“一带一路”合作走深走实。
Third, financial cooperation produced new highlights. London is the world’s largest RMB offshore trading centre. Last year, RMB did well in London’s foreign exchange trading. In October, dollar-yuan turn-over increased to $73 billion per day, overtaking pound-euro turn-over for the first time. China Re completed its 100% equity acquisition of Chaucer Holdings. China and the UK jointly announced the Green Investment Principles for the Belt and Road. Our cooperation on the Belt and Road Initiative has gone deeper and more substantial.
回顾过去一年，中英经贸合作可谓亮点纷呈。展望新的一年，中英经贸合作既有机遇，也有挑战。我始终认为，机遇大于挑战。只要应对得当，我们就能化挑战为机遇，推动双方合作再上新台阶。
The past year has seen numerous highlights in China-UK trade and economic cooperation. The new year will bring opportunities as well as challenges. I always think there are more opportunities than challenges. As long as we address the challenges properly, we can turn them into opportunities and take our cooperation to a new level.
那么，中英关系面临什么挑战？我认为，最大的挑战是，英方如何看待中国发展？是将中国发展视为机遇还是挑战甚或威胁？
The biggest challenge we now face is this: How does the UK see China’s development? Does the UK see it an opportunity, a challenge, or even a threat?
由于众所周知的原因，中英关系去年遭受挫折。近来，在中英双方努力推动两国关系重归正轨的时刻，又有人在渲染“中国威胁”，鼓吹派英国军舰到南海去炫耀武力。联想到一个时期以来，一些人炒作所谓中国企业“安全威胁”，要求对华为等中资企业发出“市场禁入令”。这些动向反映出来的是一种冷战思维。
As we all know, China-UK relations have encountered some setbacks last year. Both China and the UK are working hard to bring our relations back to the right track. But how could this be possible if someone from the UK government keeps fanning “China threat” and talking about to sending a warship to the South China Sea to show off military power? This strikes the same note as the recent hyping-up of the so-called “security threat” of Chinese companies, and the clamour for a ban on companies such as Huawei. All these noises play on the same old tunes of the Cold-War mentality.
这些日子，我一直在思考一个问题，打造中英面向21世纪的全球全面战略伙伴关系的关键是什么？我认为，关键是“三要三不要”：
Recently I have been thinking about this question: What is the key to building the China-UK global comprehensive strategic partnership for the 21st century? In answering this question, I believe we should make three crucial choices:
首先，要合作共赢，不要冷战思维。冷战结束已经几十年了，但仍有一些人沉浸在历史旧梦中，惯于以意识形态划线、以社会制度论事。以南海为例，当前在中国和东盟国家共同努力下，南海形势持续向好，制定“南海行为准则”磋商驶入快车道，中国与东盟国家之间相互信任不断增强。而个别国家无视中国与东盟国家做出的努力，打着维护“航行自由”的幌子，到南海炫耀武力，侵犯中国主权，破坏地区稳定。如果他们真的关心南海“航行自由”，我要告诉他们：第一，南海航行畅通无阻，每年十万多艘船只在此经过，从未发生任何问题；第二，请尊重中国与地区国家为维护南海和平稳定所做努力，不再插手南海事务，不再损害地区和平稳定。
First, we should choose win-win cooperation over Cold-War mentality. The Cold War was over several decades ago. But still, some people refuse to wake up. Their habit of drawing a line along ideology and social system seems to die hard. Take the South China Sea for example. The situation in the South China Sea has been improving thanks to the concerted efforts of China and ASEAN countries; consultations on the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea have picked up speed; and mutual trust between China and ASEAN countries has been enhanced. However, certain countries choose to turn a blind eye to the efforts of China and ASEAN countries. They continue to flex their military muscle in the South China Sea under the excuse of “freedom of navigation”. They infringed upon China’s sovereignty and undermined stability in the region. If they really care about the “freedom of navigation” in the South China Sea, my advice is this: First, the freedom of navigation in the South China Sea has never been a problem. Every year, hundreds of thousands of merchant vessels pass through the South China Sea safely and unimpeded. There has never been a single case of navigation freedom being affected. Second, the efforts of China and other regional countries in maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea should be respected. No more interference in the affairs of the South China Sea and no more damage to peace and stability in the region.
再看一下华为。这是一家自主经营的民营企业，不能因其来自中国、创始人是退伍军人，就无端猜测华为受中国政府甚至军方控制，并基于这种猜忌对华为正常经营设置障碍。据我所知，英国有不少议员也是退伍军人，其中有些是我熟知的朋友，我们能说英国议会被英国军方控制吗？真是“欲加之罪何患无辞”！在全球化深入发展的今天，每个国家都在努力向前奔跑。我们深知，背负历史包袱，干扰威胁他人，并不会让自己跑得更快。只有相互支持，携手合作，共同进步，才能开创人类更加美好的未来。
With regard to Huawei, I want to stress that Huawei is an independent, private company. One should not assume that the Chinese Government or military has control over Huawei, let alone creating obstacles for Huawei’s lawful business operation, just because it is a Chinese company and its founder is a Chinese veteran. As far as I know, many Lords and MPs are veterans, including some friends of mine. Could we then claim that the UK Parliament is controlled by the British military? Should we really, as the old saying goes, “Give a dog an evil name and hang him”? Every country wants development and every country is running hard to get ahead. But one cannot run faster by disrupting or threatening others or by hanging onto historical burdens. In an age of globalisation, we should all work together and support each other in order to achieve common progress and create a brighter future.
第二，要开放合作，不要封闭僵化。历史规律表明，开放合作才能扩大发展空间。如果人为设置壁垒，阻碍企业正常合作，不仅违背时代潮流，不符合商业规律，还会损害自身发展利益。中英都是自由贸易和开放型经济的倡导者和推动者，也是受益者。华为在英经营18年来，不仅自身获得发展，也为英国创造了大量就业岗位和税收，为英电信产业发展做出积极贡献。过去5年，华为在英投资和采购20亿英镑，创造就业岗位超7500个。未来5年，华为将在英投资和采购30亿英镑，继续助力英经济社会和信息化发展。在保护主义逆潮涌动的形势下，中英更应坚守融通理念，促进开放合作，共建开放型世界经济。
Second, we should choose open cooperation over closeness. History has taught us that open cooperation promises greater development. Attempting to obstruct lawful cooperation between companies goes against the trend of the times and flouts market rules. This would only be counterproductive. Both China and the UK have upheld, promoted and benefited from free trade and open economy. Take Huawei for example. Over the past 18 years, the company has benefited from its presence in the British market. At the same time, it has created job opportunities, paid tax and contributed to the development of UK’s telecommunications industry. In the past five years, Huawei has brought £2 billion to Britain through investment and procurement and created over 7,500 jobs. Huawei has also pledged a further £3 billion in investment and procurement in the UK in the coming five years. This will boost the economic and social progress and IT application in this country. Against surging protectionism, it is all the more important that China and the UK promote connectivity and open cooperation, so as to build an open world economy.
第三，要“百花齐放”，不要“零和博弈”。在第四次科技革命方兴未艾的大背景下，全球科技产业链、供应链、价值链、创新链高度融合。如果仍以零和博弈、你输我赢的旧思维看待科技创新与合作，必将错失发展机遇。近年来，中国企业通过学习世界先进技术，加强自主研发创新，在一些领域达到世界领先水平，并促进全球技术和相关行业发展。例如，华为电信技术、特别是5G技术世界领先，业务遍及全球170个国家和地区，服务近30亿人口，对推进世界电信行业和技术整体进步发挥了积极作用。在新形势下，各国应本着包容的心态，坚持良性竞争和互利合作，共同迎接人类科技创新竞相争艳的春天。
Third, we should choose inclusiveness over “zero-sum game”. The fourth scientific and technological revolution is unfolding. The global industrial chain, supply chain, value chain and innovation chain are highly integrated. Anyone who sees the cooperation on science, technology and innovation as a “zero-sum game”, and who believes that one man’s gain is another’s loss, would certainly end up missing the development opportunities. In recent years, Chinese companies have been learning from cutting edge technologies and enhancing their independent research, development and innovation. As a result, they have taken the lead in some areas, and have been working to promote the progress of the relevant technology and industries in the world. Huawei, for example, has leading telecommunications technology, especially in the area of 5G. It is providing network services for nearly 3 billion people in 170 countries and regions. This has been a positive contribution to the overall progress of the global telecommunications industry and the relevant technology. Now is the time for countries of the world to uphold inclusiveness, encourage healthy competition and engage in mutually-beneficial cooperation. Together, we can make science, technology and innovation work for everyone in the world.
女士们，先生们，
Ladies and Gentlemen:
今年是中英建立代办级外交关系65周年。回首过去65年，正是在保守党执政期间，中英关系实现四次飞跃：中英建立代办级外交关系、升格为大使级外交关系、签署关于香港问题的《联合声明》、开启中英关系“黄金时代”。两国关系“黄金时代”不是完成时，而是进行时。在21世纪即将进入第三个十年的历史时刻，我希望中英双方都珍惜两国关系来之不易的成果，坚持“黄金时代”大方向，排除各种外部压力和人为干扰，不断增进战略互信，深化务实合作，推动中英关系“黄金时代”行稳致远！
This year marks the 65th anniversary of the establishment of China-UK diplomatic relationship at the level of chargé d’affaires. In the past 65 years, it was when the Conservative Party was in office that our two countries achieved four major leaps in China-UK relations, namely, the establishment of diplomatic relationship at the level of chargé d’affaires, the upgrading to ambassadorial diplomatic ties, the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong, and the beginning of the China-UK “Golden Era”. The “Golden Era” is not “mission accomplished”. On the contrary, the “Golden Era” requires continuous hard work. As we are about to step into the third decade of the 21st century, I hope that both our two countries could cherish the hard-won momentum in China-UK relations and keep to the direction of the “Golden Era”. We should resist outside interruptions, refrain from creating obstacles and enhance strategic mutual trust and deepen business cooperation. Together we will make the China-UK “Golden Era” more fruitful and sustainable!
谢谢！
Thank you!