双语资料:“一带一路”是互利共赢,不是“债务陷阱”
发布时间:2018年09月27日
发布人:nanyuzi  

Belt and Road: Win-Win Cooperation Rather than “Debt Trap”

“一带一路”是互利共赢,不是“债务陷阱”

 

H.E. Mr. Wang Min, Chinese Ambassador to Norway

驻挪威大使王民

 

12 September 2018

2018年9月12日

 

1. Fruitful outcomes of the BRI in five years

This year marks the fifth anniversary of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The aim of the BRI is to enhance connectivity between Asia, Europe and Africa, and also open to all other countries, focusing on promoting policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure and facilities, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and closer people-to-people ties through extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits.

一、“一带一路”建设五年来硕果累累

今年是“一带一路”倡议提出五周年。2013年秋季,中国国家主席习近平在访问哈萨克斯坦和印度尼西亚时,分别提出建设“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”合作倡议。自此,“一带一路”倡议走进全球视野。这一倡议基于共商、共建、共享原则,聚焦政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通,重点面向亚欧非大陆,同时向所有朋友开放。

 

In the last five years, the BRI has grown from a concept into a key platform for building a community with a shared future for humanity and a well-received international public goods. Over 100 countries and international organizations has signed up for Belt and Road cooperation with China. China’s trade in goods with countries along the Belt and Road exceeded US$5.5 trillion. Chinese direct investment in the non-financial sectors of these countries reached US$80 billion. China has set up 82 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in countries along the routes, investing US$28.9 billion and creating about 244,000 local jobs.

五年来,“一带一路”从倡议转变为现实,从愿景发展为推动构建人类命运共同体的重要实践平台,成为广受欢迎的国际公共产品。五年来,全球100多个国家和国际组织同中国签署共建“一带一路”合作文件。我们与沿线国家货物贸易进出口额超过5.5万亿美元,对沿线国家非金融类直接投资超过800亿美元,在沿线国家建设境外经贸合作区82个,累计投资289亿美元,为当地创造24.4万个就业岗位。

 

Recently, however, some media have been playing up the so-called “China debt trap” and “neocolonialism” issues on the BRI, which are totally groundless and full of bias. It’s necessary to make a clarification of these misleading fallacies.

但近来,有部分媒体对上述成就视若无睹,罔顾事实,炒作“一带一路”建设中所谓的“中国债务陷阱”论和“新殖民主义”论,对“一带一路”倡议进行毫无根据和充满偏见的指责,颠倒黑白、混淆视听。有必要就此进行批驳。

 

2. The fallacy of the so-called “China debt trap” on the BRI

When making investment or financing Belt and Road projects, China always sticks to an economic benefit-oriented approach, extending loans based on the real conditions of the relevant countries. Before financing a project, Chinese banks always scrutinize the liabilities and debt paying ability of borrowers. After loan extension, they continue to monitor country risks and sovereign risks. With these efforts, the Belt and Road projects have brought effective investment to the relevant countries rather than the so-called “debt trap”, boosted local economy and improved people’s livelihood, which are warmly welcomed by governments and people of the recipient countries.

二、“中国债务陷阱”的谬论完全站不住脚

在“一带一路”建设项目的投融资问题上,中国始终坚持以经济效益为导向,根据项目国实际情况提供贷款。中资银行在为项目提供融资前,会对借款人的负债情况、偿债能力做严格测算,贷款后也会持续跟踪监测相关国别风险和主权风险。通过这些手段,“一带一路”项目带来的是有效投资和有价值的资产,促进了当地的经济增长和民生改善,受到受援国政府和民众的热烈欢迎。

 

Facts speak louder than words. Statistics shows that the proportion of the Chinese loans to the relevant countries is generally not high. 42% of Pakistan’s long-term debt comes from loans from multilateral institutions, and Chinese loans account for only 10%. Meanwhile, the preferential loan rate offered by China was far lower than the ones provided by western countries. In Sri Lanka, China holds for only about 10% of the country’s accumulated foreign debt, while another Asian country accounts for 12%, the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank accounts for 14% and 11% respectively. From 2000 to 2016, China’s loans accounted for only 1.8% of Africa’s total external debt, mainly used for infrastructure construction and the manufacturing industry, which have played a positive role in reducing their debts. Moreover, the debt issues of some countries are not necessarily connected with the Belt and Road construction and relevant projects, as they have been heavily borrowing from other countries and international financial organizations and thus are highly indebted.

事实胜于雄辩。数据显示,中国贷款占有关国家外债的比例总体并不高。巴基斯坦42%的长期债务来自多边机构贷款,中国贷款仅占10%,且中国向巴提供的优惠贷款利率远远低于西方国家。在斯里兰卡,来自中国的贷款仅占斯外债的10%左右,另一亚洲国家占12%,亚洲开发银行和世界银行分别占14%和11%。2000年至2016年,中国对非洲贷款仅占非洲总体对外债务的1.8%,且主要集中在基础设施和制造业等行业,对非洲解决和减轻债务起到了积极作用。此外,一些国家债务问题与“一带一路”并无必然联系。部分国家过去从其他国家和国际金融组织大量借贷,债务负担本身就十分沉重,负债水平长期高企。

 

It seems that some media have adopted a double-standard on the loans issue, since they regard the money offered by the Western allies as “money pie”, but “money trap” when offered by China.

为什么在一些媒体眼里,同样的资金,来自西方的就是“馅饼”,来自中国的就是“陷阱”?此类“双重标准”可以休矣!

 

3. The fallacy of “neocolonialism” on the BRI

The Belt and Road Initiative is in line with the UN Sustainable Development Agenda aiming to eliminate poverty around the world. The cooperation between China and other developing countries on the BRI seeks mutual benefits and sustainable development, rather than the predatory exploration. The African countries view China as a reliable and sincere friend, and we share the similar experience of suffering from colonialism. Especially, African people have suffered under colonial rule for over 500 years. They themselves know best what is colonialism and what is not.

三、“新殖民主义”的谬论不攻自破

“一带一路”倡议同联合国2030年可持续发展议程高度契合,致力于消除全球贫困。中方同广大发展中国家开展的“一带一路”合作坚持以互惠互利与实现可持续发展为原则,绝非掠夺资源。非洲人民视中国为患难与共的可靠朋友,中国和非洲都有遭受殖民的历史,特别是非洲人民遭受过500多年的殖民统治,最清楚什么是殖民主义、什么不是。

 

“Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.” In Kenya, the Chinese-built Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has raised the country’s GDP growth by 1.5 percent. The railway cuts the costs of goods transportation by almost 80%. A foreign report published last year, which surveyed more than 1,000 Chinese companies in eight African countries, found that on average 89% of their employees were African. Millions of African jobs had been created by China in Africa. Nearly two-thirds of Chinese companies provided skills training and one-third had introduced new technologies into Africa.

中国和挪威都有一句谚语,“授人以鱼,不如授人以渔。”在肯尼亚,中方援建的蒙内铁路拉动肯尼亚经济增长1.5个百分点,使当地货物运输成本下降近80%,中方为肯尼亚培训了5000多名专业技术工人,创造了4.6万个就业机会。去年,某外国机构对8个非洲国家的1000多家中国企业进行了调查,发现这些企业有平均89%的雇员都是非洲本地人。中国为非洲带来了数百万计的工作和就业机会。三分之二的中国企业为当地人提供技能培训,三分之一的中国企业为当地引进了新技术。

 

The 2018 Beijing summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was held successfully from 3-4 September. The gathering of thousands of representatives of African countries in Beijing shows their confidence for China-Africa cooperation. At the Summit, President Xi Jinping announced that the debt due to mature by the end of 2018 of certain countries with difficulties will be exempted.

2018年9月3日至4日,中非合作论坛北京峰会成功召开,非方成员国国家元首、政府首脑、代表团团长及国际和地区组织负责人等中非各界人士约3200人云集北京,共商中非合作大计,这充分彰显了各方对中非合作的坚定信心。习近平主席在峰会开幕式上宣布,中国将免除与中国有外交关系的非洲最不发达国家、重债穷国、内陆发展中国家、小岛屿发展中国家截至2018年底到期未偿还政府间无息贷款债务。

 

4. A promising future for China and Norway on the BRI

Since the normalization of our bilateral relations, the China-Norway cooperation has been developing with a flourishing momentum. During Prime Minister Solberg’s visit to China last April, the two leaders exchanged views in depth on cooperation under the framework of the BRI. Norway has a geographic advantage, and is a natural partner to China in realizing Eurasia connectivity, especially in building the “Polar Silk Road”. China and Norway stand firmly together in defending and promoting free trade and the rules-based multilateral trading regime. Our economics share wide common interests, which brings a huge potential for bilateral or multilateral cooperation in infrastructure, energy, innovation, the blue economy etc. We look forward to continuing to work with Norway for a bright future of win-win cooperation.

四、中挪携手共建“一带一路”大有可为

中挪关系自2016年底实现正常化以来,两国各领域务实合作蓬勃开展。去年4月索尔贝格首相访华期间,中挪两国领导人就在“一带一路”框架下开展合作深入交换意见。挪威区位优势明显,是实现欧亚大陆互联互通的天然伙伴,中挪共建“冰上丝绸之路”前景广阔。中挪两国共同坚定捍卫和支持自由贸易和基于规则的国际多边贸易体系。双方经济拥有诸多共同利益点,在基础设施、能源、创新、“蓝色经济”等领域开展双、多边合作潜力巨大。中方期待与挪继续携手努力、相向而行,共创合作共赢的美好未来。