中国代表团团长、裁军大使傅聪
在《不扩散核武器条约》“十审二筹”会一般性辩论中的发言
Statement by H.E. Mr. Fu Cong, Head of the Chinese Delegation & Ambassador for Disarmament Affairs of China, at the General Debate in the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2020 NPT Review Conference
日内瓦，2018年4月23日
Geneva, 23 April 2018
主席先生，
Mr. Chairman,
首先，请允许我代表中国代表团，祝贺你当选本次筹备会主席。我相信，你的丰富经验和智慧定能引领此次会议取得成功。中国代表团将全力支持你的工作。
First of all, on behalf of the Chinese Delegation, I would like to congratulate you on your assumption of the Chair of this session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2020 NPT Review Conference. I am confident that your rich experience and wisdom will lead this meeting to a success. The Chinese Delegation assures you of its full support and cooperation.
《不扩散核武器条约》是国际核军控领域最重要的多边条约，达成半个世纪以来，为避免核战争、阻止核扩散、促进核能造福人类提供根本法律依据和重要制度保障。条约国际习惯法地位不容撼动，条约三大支柱机制不断发展，成为全球安全治理重要组成部分。
The NPT is the most important multilateral treaty in the field of international nuclear arms control. For the past half century since its conclusion, the Treaty has served as the fundamental legal basis and the key institutional guarantee for avoiding nuclear war, preventing proliferation of nuclear weapons, and bringing benefit of the peaceful use of nuclear energy to human beings. The status of the Treaty as international customary law is beyond doubt, and its Three Pillars, which are undergoing unceasing enhancement, have turned to be important components of the global security governance.
主席先生，
Mr. Chairman,
一年前，我们开启条约第十轮审议进程，但前景充满不确定性，一系列现实问题摆在面前，需要我们给出答案。
One year ago, the new review cycle of the Treaty began with uncertainties and questions waiting for answers from all of us.
世界是更安全了，还是更不安全？一方面，和平与发展仍是时代主题，国际核裁军呼声高涨，伊核全面协议有效执行，朝核问题解决面临新契机，和平利用核能事业走出福岛核事故阴影，进入全新发展期。另一方面，美国作为拥有最大、最先进核武库的国家，以各种站不住脚的借口，强化核力量及核威慑政策，降低核武器使用门槛，增加核军备竞赛风险，威胁全球战略稳定。
Is the world getting more secure or insecure? On the one hand, peace and development remain the tide of the times. The call for nuclear disarmament by the international community goes even higher. The JCPOA on Iranian nuclear issue is being implemented effectively. Diplomatic settlement to Korean Peninsula nuclear issue encounters a new turning point. The cause of peaceful uses of nuclear energy has walked out of the shadow of Fukushima Accident, and entered into a new developing period. On the other hand, the U.S., with the largest and most advanced nuclear arsenal, uses untenable excuses to intensify its nuclear capability and nuclear deterrence policy and lower the threshold for using nuclear weapons, which increases risks of nuclear arms race and threatens global strategic stability.
世界正处于大发展大变革大调整时期，核裁军进程来到关键十字路口，传统裁军谈判机制是用还是弃、协商一致原则是否还要坚持？核裁军路线分歧明显，防扩散双重标准盛行，国际安全领域信任赤字、治理赤字突出。条约作为国际核不扩散与核裁军体系的基石，面临前所未有的挑战。
As the world is undergoing significant development, transformation, and adjustment, the nuclear disarmament process has come to a crucial crossroad. Should we uphold or abandon the existing disarmament negotiation mechanism? Should we continue to stick to the principle of consensus? Divergence between different disarmament routes is obvious, and double-standard behavior related to nuclear non-proliferation is prevailing. Deficit of trust and governance in international security is prominent. The Treaty, though served as the cornerstone of the international nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation system, is facing unprecedented challenges.
主席先生，
Mr. Chairman,
对于上述问题，各国可能给出不同答案。但是我们必须承认，全球化背景下，各国相互依存加深，命运休戚与共。冷战思维、零和博弈早已不合时宜。追求自身绝对安全，渲染大国竞争和武力威慑，只能加剧紧张和战争风险，让世界更不安全。实现各国普遍安全，世界才能持久和平。
To the above-mentioned questions, answers may differ among States parties. Nevertheless, we must recognize that, against the background of globalization, countries are increasingly becoming interdependent and sharing the common weal and woe. The cold-war mentality and zero-sum game mindset is outdated. Pursuing absolute security, overblowing great power competition and threatening to use military force will only raise tension and the risk of war, and make the world more insecure. The world could enjoy lasting peace only by the common security of all countries.
历史经验表明，相互指责无济于事，另起炉灶难有成效。本轮审议进程中，我们应当不忘初心，坚持条约宗旨和原则，坚定维护多边主义，坚持平等对话协商，努力凝聚共识，弥合分歧，全面维护和促进条约权威性、有效性和普遍性。
Historical experience demonstrates that, blaming each other will be of no help, and setting up new forums will be of no effective outcome. In this review cycle, we should remain true to our original aspiration, uphold the purposes and principles of the Treaty, safeguard firmly multilateralism, insist on equal dialogue and consultation, pool consensus and bridge differences, so as to comprehensively maintain and promote the authority, universality and effectiveness of the Treaty.
第一，尊重各国正当安全关切。当前国际安全格局是历史沿革、地缘政治、各国政策等因素综合作用的结果，无核武器世界不可能一日建成。基于当前国际安全现实，核裁军只能在维护全球战略稳定、各国安全不受减损前提下，循序渐进前行。解决核不扩散热点问题，也不能脱离地区安全环境，不能忽略当事方正当安全关切。我们应当树立人类命运共同体意识，秉持共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观，构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系；坚持共商共建共享，构建持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。
Firstly, respect each country’s legitimate security concern. The current international security patterns roots from the integrated reaction among factors of historical evolution, geopolitics and national policies. A world free of nuclear weapons could not be achieved in one day. Based on the current international security reality, nuclear disarmament could only be pursued in a step-by-step manner, following the principles of “maintaining the global strategic stability” and “undiminished security for all”. When addressing nuclear non-proliferation hot spot issues, we could neither break away from regional security environment, nor neglect the legitimate security concern of relevant countries. We should cultivate the awareness of a community of shared future for mankind, uphold a new concept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and build up a new form of international relations featuring mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation. Besides, we should follow the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration, to build an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity.
第二，尊重和平发展的时代潮流。全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器符合和平与发展的时代潮流，是世界各国共同愿望。这一最终目标实现前，无核武器国家免受核武器和核战争威胁的意愿和权利必须得到尊重。核武器国家应展示政治意愿，采取更多实际行动履行条约第6条义务。拥有最大核武库的国家负有特殊、优先责任，应率先大幅度实质性削减其核武库。所有核武器国家都应放弃以首先使用核武器为基础的核威慑政策，切实降低核武器在国家安全中的作用；尽早以具有法律约束力的方式承诺不首先使用核武器，无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器。这是当前最现实可行、也最有价值的核裁军措施，有助于增进核武器国家与无核武器国家之间的互信，为全面平衡推动条约三大支柱营造良好氛围。
Secondly, respect the tide of the times of peace and development. Comprehensive prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons go along with the tide of the times of peace and development, and is the universal aspiration of all countries. Before the realization of this ultimate objective, the will and right of non-nuclear-weapon States to be free from threat of nuclear weapons and nuclear war must be respected. Nuclear-weapon States should demonstrate their political will and take more concrete actions to fulfill their obligations under the Article 6 of the Treaty. In this regard, state possessing the largest nuclear arsenals bears special and primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament and should take the lead in substantially reducing those nuclear arsenals. All nuclear-weapon States should abandon the nuclear deterrence policy based on first use of nuclear weapons and substantially reduce the role of nuclear weapons in national security doctrines. Nuclear-weapon States should also commit themselves in a legally binding manner to no-first-use of nuclear weapons and to unconditional no use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States or nuclear-weapon-free zones. At present, this is the most practical and valuable measure for nuclear disarmament, which is conducive to mutual trust among nuclear-weapon States and non-nuclear-weapon States, and may in turn create favorable atmosphere for enhancing the Three Pillars of the Treaty in a comprehensive and balanced manner.
第三，尊重条约机制。以条约为基石的国际军控和防扩散体系是一个有机总体，牵一发而动全身，不能片面和割裂看待。双重标准和实用主义是条约机制和现行体系的最大敌人，严重侵蚀条约的权威性和有效性。在履行条约规定时，必须一把尺子量到底，不能合则用、不合则弃。拒不参加条约、拒不履行条约义务的国家，不能享受条约机制赋予的红利。在对待条约效力方面任意开口子，不仅会使条约形同虚设，而且会使国际防扩散体系彻底崩塌。
Thirdly, respect the Treaty mechanism. The international arms control and non-proliferation system with NPT as its cornerstone is an interconnected whole. It should not be treated partially or separately, for the slightest nudge to one part will cause the widest chain reaction of the rest. Double-standard and pragmatism, which may cause severe erosion to the authority and effectiveness of the Treaty, are the biggest enemy of the Treaty mechanism and the existing system. While implementing the Treaty, we must adopt the same standard from the beginning to the end and refrain from the behavior of supporting the Treaty when it’s in one’s interest but ignoring it when it’s not. Countries outside of the Treaty or refusing to undertake the Treaty obligations should not enjoy the dividend given by the Treaty mechanism. Arbitrary exceptions to the efficacy of the Treaty will make the Treaty an empty shell and even cause the complete collapse of the international non-proliferation system.
第四，尊重条约审议成果。本轮审议进程不是空中楼阁，更不应推倒重来，而是要在继承的基础上发展和创新。2015年审议大会虽无果而终，但1995年、2000年和2010年审议大会均达成了最后文件。这些审议成果应得到各国充分尊重。我们要充分发挥条约审议成果的路线图作用，以建设性态度加强协商，在中东无核武器区等难点问题上打破僵局，以实际行动锁定条约审议成果。
Fourthly, respect the previous review outcomes of the Treaty. The current review cycle does not come from nowhere and should not be started over again. What we need to do is to develop and innovate on the basis of previous heritage. Although the 2015 Review Conference ended without an outcome, Review Conferences in 1995, 2000 and 2010 witnessed their final documents. These review outcomes should be fully respected by all States parties. We should fully utilize the roadmap function of these review outcomes, engage in consultations with constructive attitude, break the stalemate on difficult issues, such as the Middle East WMD-free-zone, and enhance the these outcomes with our concrete actions.
主席先生，
Mr. Chairman,
中国坚持和平发展道路，积极推动构建人类命运共同体。中国不对任何国家构成威胁，无意做谁的战略竞争对手，不会以牺牲别国利益为代价追求自身绝对安全。中国以实际行动践行共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观，坚定维护以条约为基石的国际核裁军和核不扩散体系，任何人都不应误读和曲解中国的战略意图。
China is committed to the path of peaceful development and has been actively promoting the build-up of the community of shared future for mankind. China will never constitute a threat to any state, and has no intention to become a strategic competitor of any one. China will not pursue absolute security at the price of other’s interest. China has taken concrete actions to pursue the common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and firmly upheld the international nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation system based on the NPT. No States should misread or distort China’s strategic intention.
中国一贯主张最终全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器，始终坚持自卫防御的核战略，采取高度稳定的核政策，恪守不首先使用、不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器等承诺，始终将核力量维持在国家安全需要的最低水平。
China has always stood for the ultimate complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. China sticks to a nuclear strategy of self-defense, adopts a highly stable nuclear policy, and firmly abides by its commitments of no-first-use of nuclear weapons and no use or threat of use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States or nuclear-weapon-free zones. China keeps its nuclear capabilities at the minimum level required for national security.
中国支持禁核试条约宗旨和目标，积极推动境内禁核试监测台站核证验收工作，去年又有4个台站通过核证验收。中国支持裁谈会在达成全面、平衡工作计划基础上，根据“香农报告”及其授权启动“禁产条约”谈判。
China supports the objective and purposes of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), and actively promotes the certification of monitoring stations in its territory. Four additional monitoring stations in China got certified last year. China supports the Conference on Disarmament (CD) to start the negotiation on FMCT on the basis of an agreement on a comprehensive and balanced program of work, pursuant to the Shannon Report (CD/1299) and the mandate contained therein.
伊核全面协议执行两年多来，中国深入参与，引领政治方向，推进执行进程。当前形势下，我们将秉持客观、公正和负责任态度，与各方共同维护协议。
During the JCPOA implementation in the past two years, China has made in-depth participation, led the political direction and promoted implementation process. Under the current situation, we would continue our objective, impartial and responsible attitude and preserve the JCPOA together with all relevant sides.
在朝鲜半岛核问题上，我们始终坚持政治解决方向、始终坚持客观公正立场、始终致力于劝和促谈。当前，半岛形势出现来之不易的缓和局面，有关各方应抓住时机，相向而行，沿着“双轨并进”思路，并行推进半岛无核化与构建半岛和平机制进程，共同开辟半岛长治久安的未来。
On the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue, China has always adhered to the political solution, held an objective and impartial position and endeavored to promote peace talks. Currently, the situation on the Peninsular has witnessed a hard-won relaxation. All parties involved should seize the opportunity and move in the same direction. They should follow the “dual-track approach” by promoting the denuclearization and the establishment of a peace mechanism in the Peninsula simultaneously, in order to forge a future featuring lasting peace and stability.
中国广泛开展和平利用核能国际合作，牵头亚太地区核安全能力建设、促进亚欧地区核能安全交流合作，推动国际和平利用核能事业发展。
China is making extensive international cooperation on peaceful uses of nuclear energy, taking lead for nuclear security capacity building network at the regional level, and promoting the nuclear safety exchanges and cooperation in Asia and Europe, with the aim of advancing the international cause of peaceful use of nuclear energy.
主席先生，
Mr. Chairman,
进入新时代的中国将继续坚定支持核裁军进程，坚定维护核不扩散体系，坚持安全高效发展核能事业，为维护世界和平与安全作出新的更大贡献。
China, as already entered into a new era, will continue to firmly support the nuclear disarmament process, to uphold the nuclear non-proliferation regime, and to develop nuclear energy industry in a safe and efficient manner. We are ready to make more contribution to maintaining the global peace and stability.