These Are the 10 Countries with the Best Social Mobility
这10个国家的社会流动性最高
Denmark tops the World Economic Forum’s new Global Social Mobility Index.17 of the top 20 most socially mobile societies are in Europe. The US is 27th while China is 45th and India is 76th.
丹麦在世界经济论坛新的全球社会流动性指数排名中位居第一。社会流动性排名前20位的国家中有17个在欧洲。美国排名第27，而中国排名第45，印度排名第76。
Moving up the socio-economic ladder takes generations, but it happens much faster in some countries.
提升社会经济水平需要几代人的时间，但是一些国家的提升速度要快得多。
Denmark ranks top of the World Economic Forum’s new Global Social Mobility Index, which finds the five Nordic nations and parts of Europe outperform the rest of the world when it comes to giving everyone the chance to succeed.
丹麦在世界经济论坛新的全球社会流动性指数排名中位居第一。该指数发现，在为所有人提供成功的机会方面，五个北欧国家和欧洲部分地区的表现优于世界其他地区。
If you were born into a poor family in Denmark, it would take at least two generations to reach the median income, or three in Sweden, Finland and Norway. In France it would take six generations, and nine in Brazil or South Africa.
如果你出生在丹麦的贫困家庭中，那么至少需要两代人的时间能达到中等收入水平，而在瑞典、芬兰和挪威则需要三代人。在法国需要六代，而在巴西或南非则需要九代。
The index assesses the current state of social mobility in 82 economies around the world, looking at factors such as healthcare, education, social protection, access to technology, fair wages and work opportunities.
该指数评估了全球82个经济体的社会流动状况，研究了医疗保健、教育、社会保护、技术获取渠道、公平工资和工作机会等因素。
It also estimates the cost of low social mobility in terms of lost economic growth – more than $1 billion over 10 years for China, and more than $850 million for the US.
该报告还估计了低社会流动性的成本，就经济损失而言，中国在10年内损失超过10亿美元，美国损失超过8.5亿美元。
There is huge disparity between the regions: 17 of the top 20 most socially mobile societies are in Europe, two are in Asia (Japan, 15th and Australia, 16th), and one (Canada 14th) is in North America.
这些地区之间存在巨大差异：社会流动性最高的20个国家中，有17个位于欧洲，两个位于亚洲（日本：第15位，澳大利亚：第16位），1个位于北美洲（加拿大：第14位）。
Sub-Saharan Africa includes five of the bottom 10 countries in the index.
排名末尾的10个国家中有5个位于撒哈拉以南非洲地区。
Within regions, there are also wide gaps between the best and worst performers. The US (27th) and Britain (21st) are lagging behind their peers.
在这些地区中，表现最好和最差的地区之间也存在很大差距。美国（第27名）和英国（第21名）落后于其他国家。
Among the major developing economies, the Russian Federation is placed 39th, China is 45th, Brazil is 60th, Turkey ranks 64th, Mexico ranks 58th, India is 76th and South Africa is 77th.
在主要的发展中国家中，俄罗斯排名第39，中国排名第45，巴西排名第60，土耳其排名第64，墨西哥排名第58，印度排名第76，南非排名第77。
The launch of the Global Social Mobility Report 2020 coincides with the Forum’s 50th Annual Meeting in Davos. This year’s theme is “Stakeholders for a Cohesive and Sustainable World”.
《2020年全球社会流动性报告》的发布恰逢论坛在达沃斯举行的第50届年会。今年的主题是“凝聚全球力量，实现可持续发展”。
A recipe for social mobility?
提高社会流动性的秘诀？
The Nordic countries provide high quality and equitable education systems, strong social safety nets and inclusive institutions alongside job opportunities and good working conditions, the report says.
报告称，北欧国家提供了高质量且公平的教育体系、强大的社会安全网和包容性机构，以及就业机会和良好的工作条件。
It’s an economic model it describes as “stakeholder capitalism”. In other words, one that takes into account the interests of all stakeholders, rather than corporate shareholders.
这种经济模式被称为“利益相关者资本主义”。换句话说，它考虑了所有利益相关者的利益，而非公司股东的利益。
“Economies that follow a model of stakeholder capitalism perform better on the index than those focused on either shareholder capitalism or state capitalism,” the report says.
报告指出：“遵循利益相关者资本主义模式的经济比那些关注股东资本主义或州资本主义的经济表现更好。”
It calls for policies that combine economic growth, social mobility and environmental sustainability, particularly as the Fourth Industrial Revolution gathers pace.
该报告呼吁制定结合经济增长、社会流动性和环境可持续性的政策，尤其是在第四次工业革命的步伐加快的时候。
The report urges governments to do more to level the playing field for all their citizens as technologies such as digital platforms, big data and automation continue to reduce demand for low-skilled work while disproportionately rewarding the highly skilled.
该报告还敦促各国政府在为所有公民提供公平的竞争环境方面做出更多努力，因为数字平台、大数据和自动化等技术将继续减少对低技能工作的需求，同时对高技能的工作给予巨大回报。
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