感觉形容词的通感
发布时间:2019年04月08日
作者:作者:Wangfengxin  

感觉形容词的通感

 

文/王逢鑫

 

人有五种感觉:视觉(vision)、听觉(hearing)、嗅觉(smell)、味觉(taste)和触觉(touch)。这五种感觉分别构成视觉领域(visual domain)、听觉领域(auditory domain)、嗅觉领域(olfactory domain)、味觉领域(gustatory domain)和触觉领域(tactile domain)。每个感觉领域都有自己相应的感觉形容词(perceptive adjective)。例如:明(bright)、暗(dark)、高(high)、低(low)属于视觉领域;酸(sour)、甜(sweet)、苦(bitter)、辣(hot)属于味觉领域;热(hot)、暖(warm)、凉(cool)、冷(cold)属于触觉领域。英语中,有些感觉形容词的功能可以由一个感觉领域转向另一个感觉领域。

 

英语的sweet的原义是pleasing to the tongue,即“甜”,是人对食物的感知,属于味觉领域。sweet也可以表示pleasing to the ear(悦耳)和 pleasing to the nose(香)。sweet的特点是pleasing,能使人的舌、鼻和耳等不同器官愉悦,其功能由味觉领域变换为嗅觉和听觉领域,使人产生甜蜜美好的联想。例如:

 

1. Sugar tastes sweet.

糖味道甜。

 

2. These roses smell sweet.

这些玫瑰花闻起来很香。

 

3. The music sounds sweet. 这音乐听上去甜美。

 

bitter的原义是having a strong, unpleasant taste,即“苦”,是人对食物的感知,属于味觉领域。bitter另有extremely cold and unpleasant的意思,即“严寒”,属于触觉领域。bitter的特点是unpleasant,使人的口腔舌头和身体不舒服,其功能由味觉领域变换为触觉领域。例如:

 

4. Black coffee leaves a bitter taste in the mouth.

黑咖啡在嘴里留下苦味。

 

5. Mother asked her child to stay at home because it was bitter out today.

妈妈让她的孩子待在家里,因为今天外面非常寒冷。

 

6. The young man wore a thick overcoat as a protection against the bitter cold.

这个年轻人身穿一件厚大衣以抵御严寒。

 

loud的原义是making a lot of noise,即“响声大”或“喧嚣”,是人对声音的感知,属于听觉领域。loud另有too bright and lacking good taste的引申义,即“花哨”或“艳俗”,给人眼花缭乱的感觉。loud的特点是hurting,能刺激人的耳和眼,其功能由听觉领域变换为视觉领域。例如:

 

7. She spoke in such a loud voice that it hurt my ears.

她讲话嗓门那么高,有点刺耳。

 

8. Her new skirt is so loud that it hurts my eyes.

她的新裙子那么艳丽,有点刺眼。

 

hot的原义是having a high temperature 或producing heat,即“热”,是人对高温的感知,属于触觉领域。hot另有containing pepper and spices and producing a burning feeling in one’s mouth的意思,即“辣”,是人对辛辣食物的感知,属于味觉领域。hot的特点是burning,使人的身体和舌头感到灼热,其功能由触觉领域变换为味觉领域。例如:

 

9. It is extremely hot today, and the burning sun makes us thirsty.

今天天气酷热,烈日晒得我们口渴。

 

10. The curry is so hot that diners are asked to sign a disclaimer confirming they are aware of the risks involved before daring to eat it.

这种咖喱非常辣,因此要求食用者签署免责声明,确认他们在大胆食用这种咖喱之前就已知晓可能涉及的风险。

 

warm的原义是at a fairly high temperature in a way that is pleasant,即“温暖”,也是人对温度的感知,属于触觉领域。warm另有(color or sound)creating a pleasant, comfortable and relaxed feeling or atmosphere的意思,即“暖调的”,是人对颜色和声音的感知,属于视觉和听觉领域。warm的特点是pleasant,使人感到温暖,其功能由触觉领域变换为视觉和听觉领域。例如:

 

11. Wheat is grown in places which have cold winters and warm, dry summers.

小麦适宜在冬季寒冷而夏季温暖干燥的地方生长。

 

12. People usually talk about two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. Scientists think that there are also two kinds of people: people who prefer warm colors and people who prefer cool colors.

人们通常谈论两组色调:暖色和冷色。科学家们认为也有两种人:偏爱暖色的人和偏爱冷色的人。

 

13. You could always hear the teacher’s deep warm voice filling the classroom.

你总是能听到这位老师深沉而温暖的嗓音充满教室。

 

cool的原义是pleasantly cold,即“凉爽”,也是人对温度的感知,属于触觉领域。cool另有(color)making you feel pleasantly cool的意思,即“冷调的”,是人对颜色的感知,属于视觉领域。cool的特点是pleasant,使人感到凉爽,其功能由触觉领域变换为视觉领域。例如:

 

14. As the students chattered in excited voices, the cool morning air flushed their cheeks and the strong wind whipped their clothes around them.

当学生们兴奋地聊天时,清晨凉爽的空气吹拂着他们的面庞,疾风抽打着他们的衣服。

 

15. The man preferred cool colors and he had his bedroom painted in cool greens and blues.

这个男子偏爱冷色调,将他的卧室油漆成冷调的绿色和蓝色。

 

cold另有(color)seeming to lack warmth, in an unfriendly way的意思,即“阴冷色的”,是人对颜色的感知,属于视觉领域。cold还可以表示不友好(unfriendly)。例如:

 

16. When I woke up and opened my eyes, I saw a cold grey light creep under the curtains.

当我醒来睁开眼睛时,我看见一道阴冷的灰色光线从窗帘下面透过来。

 

17. The beggar was staring at the passers-by with cold eyes.

这个乞丐用冷漠的眼光盯着过路的行人。

 

high的原义是measuring a long distance from the bottom to the top,即“高”,也是人对高度的感知,属于视觉领域。high还可表示人对高温的感知,属于触觉领域。high也可以表示人对高音的感知,属于听觉领域。例如:

 

18. The air was so thin on the top of the high mountain that I could hardly breathe.

高山顶上的空气如此稀薄,我几乎喘不上气来。

 

19. When I ran a high fever, I lost my appetite.

发高烧时,我没有胃口。

 

20. The famous tenor Pavarotti, King of the High Cs, finished his sensational performance on a high note.

著名男高音帕瓦罗蒂,“高音C之王”,以一个高音结束了他绝妙的演唱。

 

low的原义是not high,即“低”,也是人对高度的感知,属于视觉领域。low还有not bright 的意思,即“黯淡”,属于视觉领域。low还可表示人对低温的感知,属于触觉领域。low还有not loud的意思,即“低声”,表示人对低音的感知,属于听觉领域。例如:

 

21. There is a low range of hills to the north of the city.

这个城市以北有一片低矮的山丘。

 

22. In the coffee bar, the lights were low and romance was in the air.

这个咖啡馆里灯光黯淡,浪漫情调弥漫在空气中。

 

23. When the airplane landed in the airport of the northern city, he found the ground temperature was very low.

当飞机在这个北方城市的机场着陆后,他发现地面温度非常低。

 

24. When I entered the room, I found my father and mother talking in low voices.

当我走进房间时,发现父母正在低声交谈。