自拍
文/王逢鑫
过去人们想给自己拍照,需要借助自拍定时器(self-timer),例如:
1. A self-timer is a device on a camera that gives a delay between pressing the shutter release and the shutter’s firing.
自拍定时器是相机的一个装置,它使按下快门开关到快门落下之间有拖延时间。
2. A self-timer is most commonly used to let photographers take a photo of themselves.
自拍定时器大多用来让摄影者自拍。
英语原先用to have oneself photographed、to get oneself photographed、to take a photo of oneself、to take a portrait of oneself 表示动词“自拍”,用selfportraiture表示名词“自拍”,用self-portrait photograph 表示“自拍照”,例如:
3. I had myself photographed with the help of a self-timer.
我借助自拍定时器自拍了一张照片。
4. Around October 1839, Robert Cornelius took a portrait of himself.
1839年10月左右,罗伯特·科尼利厄斯自拍了一张照片。
画家可以为自己画肖像,雕塑家可以为自己塑像,摄影师可以为自己拍照。这种自画像、自塑像或自拍照,英语称为self-portrait。为避免误解,英语可将自拍照称为self-portrait photograph或photographic self-portrait,也可简称为self-photograph、self-photo、self-snapshot、self-shot,例如:
5. This self-portrait photograph of Robert Cornelius taken in 1839 is the first known photograph of a human in American history.
罗伯特·科尼利厄斯在1839 年拍摄的这张自拍照是美国历史上第一张已知的人物照。
上述的英语表达“自拍”或“自拍照”的方式都比较复杂。近年来,人们流行在社交网站上晒自拍照,出现了简短的selfie一词。2013年,selfie一词的使用率上涨了170倍。2013年11月19日,selfie获选牛津词典2013年度风云词。selfie是由self加上photograph或photo 而构成的混合词(hybrid)。词尾-ie经常用来表示昵称。selfie往往是自拍者心爱或自恋的得意佳作。
动词“自拍”,英语可以译为to take a selfie of oneself、to take a selfie photograph、to take a selfie、to grab a selfie 或to snap a selfie,例如:
6. The film fan managed to grab a selfie with the Oscar winner.
这个影迷设法跟这位奥斯卡奖得主拍摄了一张自拍照。
随着科技的飞速发展,自拍的工具由“相机+自拍定时器”进化到智能手机或电脑摄像头,更加便捷,例如:
7. A selfie is a photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smartphone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website.
“自拍照”是人们自拍的照片,通常指人们用智能手机或电脑摄像头拍摄,然后上传到社交媒体网站上的照片。
8. Smartphones’ high-quality built-in cameras and easy access to pictureenhancing apps are making“selfies”, a ubiquitous form of self-expression among social-media users.
智能手机的高品质内置相机以及可以便捷使用的照片修正程序正在
“自拍照”成为社交媒体用户自我表达的一种普遍方式。随着时间的推移,自拍照的功用也发生了巨大变化。过去,自拍照放在个人相册里自我欣赏或供亲朋好友观看。现在,随时随地拍摄和即时上传自拍照与人共享已成为许多人的社交方式和不可或缺的生活内容。自拍照的范围也不断扩大,社交媒体出现了各式各样的自拍照和相应的专门词汇,包括发型自拍照(helfie: hairstyle + selfie)、腿部自拍照(legsie: leg + selfie)、臀部自拍照(belfie: bum/butt + selfie)、健身自拍照(welfie: workout + selfie)、醉酒自拍照(drelfie: drunken + selfie)、书柜自拍照(shelfie/Ookshelfie: bookshelf + selfie)、裸体自拍照(nude/naked selfie),甚至垃圾自拍照(rubbish selfie),例如:
9. She is browsing the helfies which have recently been posted on social media.
她正在浏览社交媒体上最近发布的发型自拍照。
10. A legsie is a photo, that you usually take on your mobile phone by tucking the device under your chin and pointing it towards your outstretched legs whilst relaxing.
“腿部自拍照”,是你通常在放松时将手机掖在自己下巴下面,对着向前伸出的双腿拍摄的照片。
11. If you’re using your welfies to keep track of your progress, you’ll feel so much better about yourself from just seeing the slightest change.
假如你正在利用你的健身自拍照来追踪你的健身进展,最细微的变化都能让你的自我感觉更好。
12. The word “drelfie”was invented by an Australian man who took a drunk self-portrait.
drelfie(醉酒自拍照)这个词是一个拍摄醉酒自拍照的澳大利亚男子发明的。
13. A shelfie(书柜自拍照)is a shot of a person’s bookshelves identifying their favorite reads, either with or without the reader.
shelfie(书柜自拍照)是一个人放置其最喜爱读物的书柜的照片,里面有其本人,或无其本人。
14. The journalist used rubbish selfies to draw attention to piles of rubbish littering the city’s streets.
这位记者利用垃圾自拍照吸引人们注意遍布这个城市大街小巷的成堆垃圾。
社交媒体上出现了许多以 selfie 为核心词构成的表达方式,例如:
15. We find the young woman has got selfie-addicted.
我们发现这位年轻妇女已自拍成瘾。
为了便于自拍,有的厂家推出了 selfie stick(自拍杆)这一产品,受到自拍者的青睐,例如:
16. A selfie stick is a monopod used to take selfie photographs by positioning a smartphone or camera beyond the normal range of the arm.
自拍杆是可固定在智能手机或相机上的一根杆,它支持超越手臂正常范围的远距离自拍。
17. The camera and photo retailer said,“The selfie stick is sold so well that we’ve had trouble keeping it in stock.”
这位照相器材零售商说:“自拍杆卖得太好了,我们都供不应求了。”
selfie stick一般只能从人体正面拍照。不久前,能从人体背后自拍的belfie stick应运而生。belfie可以理解为一个由behind + selfie合成的混合词,其含义是 selfie taken from behind,即“从身后自拍”。这样,belfie stick可以译为“后身自拍杆”。
18. With this bendable belfie stick, you can position your back side without the need of a mirrorand shoot the exact angle you are looking for.
利用这个可弯曲的后身自拍杆,你可以不需要镜子来定位你的后身,就能准确设定你想要的拍摄角度。