Wave

波，波形

(1) A term used in historical linguistics and sociolinguistics as part of a dynamic model of language change: wave theory suggests that speech variations spread from a specific linguistic area, having maximum effect on adjacent languages, and progressively less effect on languages further away - in much the same way that waves in water radiate from a central point of contact.

(2) A term used in tagmemic grammar as one mode of the analysis of linguistic units: in the wave mode, units at any level are analysed in terms of their status as variants manifested in different contexts, e.g. morphemic or transformational processes. This mode is contrasted with the analysis of units in terms of particles and fields.

（1）历史语言学和社会语言学术语，指语言演变的一种动态模型：波形理论认为，言语变异从一特定语言地域向四周扩散，对邻接的语言影响最大，对较远的语言影响逐渐减小—就像水面波形从中心向四周扩散一样。

（2）法位语法术语，指分析语言单位的一种方式：在“波”方式中，任何平面上的单位按其在不同语境—例如语素的或转换的变化过程—中体现的变体来分析。这种方式与按粒子和分布场分析单位的方式相对立。