Participant Role

参与角色

(1) A term used in linguistics, especially in pragmatics, to refer to the functions which can be ascribed to people taking part in a linguistic interaction. Typical roles are speaker and addressee, but several other roles can be recognized, such as the recipient (as opposed to the target) of a message, or the message’s source (as opposed to its speaker).

(2) The term is also sometimes used in grammar, as an alternative to case, to refer to the semantic functions attached to clause elements, such as agent, recipient and affected. See semantic role.

（1）语言学特别是语用学用来指一次语言交往中可归于参与者的各种功能。典型的参与角色是说话人和受话人，但还可分出其他几种角色，如信息的接收者（区别于目标），信息的来源（区别于说话人）。

（2）有时也用作语法术语，可替换格，指附于各小句成分的语义功能，如施事、接受者、承事等。