有关涉疆问题的逻辑和悖论
Logic and Paradox on Xinjiang-Related Issues
陈立大使
By Ambassador Chen Li
2021年5月27日
27 May 2021
一段时间以来，西方媒体上围绕中国新疆的负面报道不绝于耳。“种族灭绝”“强迫劳动”等耸人听闻的字眼足以令不了解新疆的人感到不安。新疆到底是怎样的地方？维吾尔族人的境况如何？新疆棉花是否有问题？
For some time, negative reports on China’s Xinjiang region have been constantly seen on Western media. For those who know little about Xinjiang, they have reason to be concerned about such sensational words as “genocide” and “forced labor”. What kind of place is Xinjiang? How are the Uyghurs living there? Is there any problem with Xinjiang’s cotton?
新疆维吾尔自治区是中国的一个省，有2500多万人口，生活着包括维吾尔族在内的几十个民族。60多年来，新疆人均预期寿命从30岁提高到了72岁。维吾尔族人口40多年来增长了1倍多，仅2010年到2018年间就增长25.04%，远高于同期全疆13.99%的增幅，更是比汉族2.2%的增幅高出近12倍。截至2018年，新疆维吾尔族人口1272万人，占全疆人口51%。新疆建有2.4万多座清真寺，平均每530位穆斯林就一座；使用7种语言开展中小学教育，5种少数民族语言播出电视广播节目。
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is a province of China. With a population of more than 25 million, Xinjiang consists of dozens of ethnic minorities including Uyghurs. Over the past 6 decades, the average life expectancy there increased from 30 to 72 years. The population of Uyghurs more than doubled in 40 years or so. Between 2010 and 2018 alone, the Uyghur population increased by 25.04%. This figure is not only higher than that of the total population in Xinjiang, which stands at 13.99%, and is also almost 12 times higher than that of the Han population, which is 2.2%. Up to the year 2018, the Uyghur population reaches 12.72 million, taking up 51% of the whole in Xinjiang. There are more than 24,000 mosques in the region, one for every 530 Muslims; primary and secondary education is conducted in seven languages, and TV and radio programs broadcast in five minority languages.
在新疆，采棉花是高收入岗位。过去每到棉花成熟的季节，除了吸引本地各族农民工外，来自其他省份的农民工也会到新疆采棉。他们在平等自愿基础上与棉花种植户签订劳动合同，短短一两个月的采棉收入可能比普通工作一年的收入还高。近年来，新疆棉花生产已实现高度机械化，2020年机械采摘率已达70%，今年预计棉花生产全程机械化率可达88%，根本不需要大量的采棉工人。
In Xinjiang, cotton-picking is a highly-paid job. In the past during the cotton-picking season, this job is not only popular among local pickers of various ethnic groups, but also attractive to migrant rural workers from other provinces. They all sign labor contracts with planters voluntarily through consultation on an equal footing. Their earnings from cotton picking in one or two months might be higher than the whole year’s income. In recent years, mechanization of cotton production has been increasingly prevalent in Xinjiang. 70% of all cotton were harvested mechanically in 2020. This year, it is estimated that 88% of the overall cotton production there can be done by machines. Massive labor is no longer needed for cotton picking.
新疆的大门始终是敞开的，2019年共接待游客超过2亿人次，2020年达1.58亿人次，足迹遍及全疆各地。近几年，来自100多个国家的1200多名外国记者、外交官、国际组织官员、宗教人士受邀访疆，很多在华开展业务的跨国企业也会定期赴新疆参访供应商的生产线，进出新疆毫无障碍。
Xinjiang is open to the outside and received over 200 million visitors in 2019 and 158 million in 2020. Travelers have been seen all over the region. In recent years, more than 1,200 diplomats, journalists, international organization officials and religious personnel from over 100 countries have visited there. Many international companies also pay regular visit to their suppliers and production lines in Xinjiang. They can enter and depart from Xinjiang smoothly.
很难想象这样一个人口持续增长、社会安定开放、人民安居乐业的好地方怎么会与“种族灭绝”“强迫劳动”联系在一起？这样的指控究竟从何而来？事实上，“种族灭绝”是美国前国务卿蓬佩奥在离任前一天抛出来的，根据是个别近年来未去过新疆的反华极端分子炮制编造的报告以及几个所谓“证人”“证词”（后被证实是被利用培训出来的“演员”，有的甚至与“东突”分裂势力有关系）。这本身就让人怀疑是否存在政治目的。这些言论被反复炒作，以达到“谎言重复一千遍就能成为真理”的效果。我们是该相信这几十个人的说法，还是相信几亿去过新疆的人士的现身说法，答案不言自明。美国前国务卿鲍威尔办公室主任劳伦斯·威尔克森在2018年的一次演讲中说，“如果中情局能利用好这些维吾尔族人，与这些维吾尔族人一起不断刺激北京，这样无需外力，就可直接从内部搞垮中国”。他的说法捅破了窗户纸，暴露出他们的真实目的不是真正关心人权，而是通过打“人权牌”搞政治操弄，搞乱新疆，打压遏制中国发展。这本身就是反人权，在道德上是有问题的。
It’s hard to imagine how could “genocide” and “forced labor” associated with such a place where population grows steadily, society is safe and open, and people enjoy happy life. Where do the accusations come from? “Genocide” was claimed by former US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on the very last day of his term. It was based on reports fabricated by some extremist anti-China individuals who haven’t been to Xinjiang for years and accounts of a few so-called witnesses who were proved to be trained “actors” and “actresses”. Some of them are associated with East Turkestan forces. Such accusations call into question the political purposes behind them. The allegations made by those individuals have been hyped up over and over again, as if lies repeated a thousand times can become truth. To trust those few, or to trust hundreds of millions who have actually been to Xinjiang? The answer is self-evident. Lawrence Wilkerson, former chief of staff to former US Secretary of State Colin Powell delivered a speech in 2018, saying that “the CIA would want to destabilize China and that would be the best way to do it to foment unrest and to join with those Uyghurs in pushing the Han Chinese in Beijing from internal places rather than external.” Those words made it explicit that their true intention is not to care for human rights but to play it as a card for political manipulation, so as to mess up Xinjiang and contain China. Such intention and behavior is in itself against human rights and is morally questionable.
新疆曾深受恐怖主义、宗教极端主义之害，发生了数千起暴力恐怖事件，人民生命安全受到严重威胁。面对这样的形势，中国政府坚决依法打击一切形式恐怖主义，取得了积极成效。一些西方媒体所谓的“集中营”“再教育营”，其实是新疆依法设立的职业技能教育培训中心，是新疆认真落实联合国《防止暴力极端主义行动计划》、借鉴其他国家类似做法的预防性反恐和去极端化的有益尝试和积极探索。经过巨大努力，新疆已经连续4年多没有再发生暴力恐怖案件，各族人民都非常珍惜来之不易的安定生活。近年来新疆地区生产总值年均增长7.2%，居民人均可支配收入年均增长9.1%，300多万贫困人口全部脱贫。这些都是新疆人权状况的最佳说明。
Xinjiang was once a victim of terrorism and religious extremism witnessing thousands of violent terrorist cases, which posed a serious threat to people's life and security. Facing such situation, the Chinese government has resolutely cracked down on all forms of terrorism in accordance with the law and achieved positive results. The so-called “concentration camps” or “re-education camps” by some Western media are in fact vocational education and training centers set up in accordance with laws. They are all active steps to realize preventive counter-terrorism and de-radicalization goals by implementing the UN Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism and drawing on similar practices of other countries. With tremendous efforts, there has been no violent terrorist case for more than four years in a row in Xinjiang. People of all ethnic groups there cherish the hard-won peace and stability they enjoy. In recent years, Xinjiang’s GDP grew at an average annual rate of 7.2%; the per capita disposable income of Xinjiang residents grew at an average rate of 9.1%. Over three million poor people have all been lifted out of poverty. These are the best indicators for Xinjiang’s human rights situation.
近来，国际上越来越多的人士就涉疆问题进行理性思考，发出客观公正的声音。美国独立新闻网站“灰色地带”刊文，揭露被美国政府作为中国在新疆实施“种族灭绝”依据的右翼极端主义学者的报告滥用数据、歪曲资料、援引虚假“证言”。法国作家维瓦斯根据自己两赴新疆参访的见闻写成《维吾尔族假新闻的终结》一书，积极评价中国治疆政策。香港《南华早报》讲述中国反恐努力并揭露西方在反恐问题上的双重标准。澳大利亚、挪威、瑞典、新加坡、日本等国专家学者、媒体人士等也纷纷发声。今年3月的联合国人权理事会上，包括穆斯林国家在内的80多个国家以共同或单独发言形式声援和支持中国在涉疆问题上的正当立场。
Recently, more and more people in the world have shown rational thinking and voiced objective and just views on Xinjiang-related issues. The US independent news website The Greyzone published an article exposing how the report, used by the US administration as the proof of “China committing genocide in Xinjiang”, was fabricated through data abuse, information distortion and false witness account. The French author Maxime Vivas wrote a book entitled “Uyghurs: To Put an End to Fake News” based on his two trips to Xinjiang, speaking positively of China’s Xinjiang policy. The Hong Kong-based South China Morning Post published an article describing China’s anti-terrorism efforts and laying bare the West’s double standards on this issue. People from academic and media in Australia, Sweden, Norway, Singapore, Japan and other countries express similar views and voices. During the latest UN Human Rights Council in March, over 80 countries, including Muslim countries, made joint or separate statements to express their solidarity with and support for China’s legitimate position in Xinjiang-related issues.
缺乏了解和理性思考容易产生偏见，偏见影响判断，误判可能带来真实的伤害。中国有一句古话：兼听则明，偏听则暗。希望各界人士多听听新疆各族人民和中国人民的声音，多听听世界上客观理性的声音。我们欢迎各界人士到新疆作客，但我们不接受搞有罪推定式调查。
The lack of knowledge and rational thinking may lead to bias. Bias affects one’s judgment. Misjudgment may cause real harms. As a Chinese saying goes: listen to both sides and you will be enlightened; heed only one side and you will be benighted. It’s hoped that all people could listen more to the voices of people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang, to the voices of the Chinese people, and to objective and reasonable voices all over the world. We welcome people from various sectors in other countries to go and visit Xinjiang, but we oppose investigation based on presumption of guilt.