中国的北斗卫星导航系统可造福苏丹
China’s Beidou Navigation Satellite System Expected to Benefit Sudan
驻苏丹大使马新民在《今日喀土穆报》发表署名文章
An Article Published by Ambassador Ma Xinmin on Khartoum Today
2020年9月23日
23 September 2020
7月31日，北斗三号全球卫星导航系统正式开通提供全球服务，使中国成为第三个独立拥有全球卫星导航系统的国家。北斗作为全球四大卫星导航系统之一，与美国的GPS、俄罗斯的格洛纳斯和欧盟的伽利略卫星导航系统并肩而立。这是中国第一个面向全球提供公共服务的重大空间基础设施，开启了和平利用外空、高质量服务全球的新篇章。
On July 31, 2020, China officially commissioned its Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) for global users, becoming the third country in the world to build its own global navigation satellite system. Beidou is one of the current four satellite navigation systems operating globally, along with the US’s GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo networks. As China’s first major space infrastructure that provides public services to the world, the BDS opens up a new chapter for the peaceful use of outer space and the provision of high-quality global services.
中国自立更生铸就北斗卫星导航系统。北斗系统是中国自主建设、独立运行，与世界其他卫星导航系统兼容共用的全球卫星导航系统，具有为全球用户提供全天候、全天时、高精度的定位、导航、授时和短报文服务的功能。北斗是目前唯一可以进行短报文通信的全球卫星导航系统。北斗导航系统工程从1994年启动，到2000年和2012年先后完成北斗一号、二号系统建设，再到2020年6月北斗三号全球卫星导航系统完成全球组网，经过26年几代北斗人接续奋斗，拥有35颗卫星的北斗全球卫星导航系统建设圆满收官，“艰难困苦，玉汝于成”。北斗性能指标堪称先进，实测全球范围定位精度优于5米，测速精度优于0.2米/秒，授时精度优于20纳秒，服务可用性优于99%。
The BDS has been independently constructed and developed by China. The Beidou network, a global navigation satellite system independently built and operated by China, is compatible with three other satellite navigation systems in use, and provides all-time, all-weather and high-accuracy positioning, navigation, timing and short message services for global users. So far it is the only global navigation satellite system that supports short message communication. China’s BDS project was formally launched in 1994. In the ensuing 26 years, several generations of research personnel and technicians have been working hard to advance the project, building Beidou-1 and Beidou-2 in 2000 and in 2012 respectively and fully deploying the Beidou-3 network in June 2020 when the last satellite of the whole Beidou satellite family was successfully launched. The BDS comprised of 35 satellites eventually takes shape, which is a good example of the belief that success only comes through hard work. The BDS has a high performance, with positioning accuracy less than five meters globally, velocity measurement accuracy less than 0.2 meter per second, timing accuracy less than 20 nanoseconds, and service availability of over 99 percent.
北斗卫星导航系统已成为推动中国经济社会发展和民生改善的强大动力。北斗系统广泛应用于中国国计民生的各个领域，目前全面服务于我国交通运输、公共安全、救灾减灾、农林牧渔、城市治理等行业，融入电力、金融、通信等国家核心基础设施建设，为中国经济社会建设发展提供连续、稳定、可靠的服务。基于北斗的导航服务已被电子商务、移动智能终端制造、位置服务等厂商采用，广泛进入中国大众消费、共享经济和民生领域。近10年来，我国卫星导航与位置服务产业总体产值年均增长20%以上，2019年达到3450亿元人民币，2020年有望达到4000亿元。
The BDS has become a powerful impetus to boosting China’s economic and social development and improving people’s living conditions. Extensively applied in various aspects of national economy and people’s life, the BDS currently provides full-scale services in sectors ranging from transportation, public security, disaster relief and mitigation to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and city management. It has been put into use in the country’s core infrastructure related to electricity, finance and communication to render sustained, stable and reliable services in support of China’s economic and social development. The BDS-based navigation services have been adopted by enterprises engaged in e-commerce, manufacturing of smart mobile devices, and positioning, widely seen in mass consumption, sharing economy and people’s livelihood in China. In the past decade the gross output value of China’s satellite navigation and positioning service industries grew at an average annual rate of 20%, reaching 345 billion RMB in 2019, and is expected to hit 400 billion in 2020.
中国愿与世界共享北斗发展成果。北斗卫星导航系统既是对现有全球卫星导航系统的完善和提升，也为各国提供了更多的选择和保障。截至目前，北斗基础产品已输出到全球120多个国家和地区，基于北斗的土地确权、精准农业、数字施工、智慧港口等已在东盟、南亚、东欧、西亚、非洲得到成功应用，北斗应用已相继被国际民航组织、国际海事组织、国际搜救卫星组织、国际移动卫星组织等认可，多个支持北斗系统的标准已发布。2014年，中国国家主席习近平提出“研究中国北斗导航系统落地阿拉伯国家项目”后，中国迄已与沙特、突尼斯、伊拉克、阿尔及利亚等多个阿拉伯国家开展北斗应用合作。
China will share the achievements of its BDS development with the rest of the world. As an improvement on the existing global navigation satellite systems, the BDS provides another option and better guarantee for other countries. Up to now the BDS basic products have been exported to more than 120 countries and regions, with their application benefiting ASEAN, South Asia, Eastern Europe, West Asia and Africa in ascertainment of land rights, precision farming, digital construction and smart port construction. The BDS has been ratified by a number of international organizations including the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), COSPAS/SARSAT and the International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO), and multiple international standards related to the BDS have been released. After Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed in 2014 the studies on the BDS application in Arab countries, China has cooperated with multiple Arab countries including Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Iraq and Algeria on the application of the Beidou network.
苏丹是中国重要战略合作伙伴，苏丹人民是中国值得信赖、尊重的好朋友、好兄弟。今天的苏丹正积极推进经济转型和国家现代化，而北斗卫星导航系统可在农牧业生产、交通运输、防灾减灾和资源能源等多个方面服务和支持苏丹社会经济发展。
Sudan is an important strategic partner of China and its people are good friends and brothers of China that are reliable and respectable. As Sudan is now pushing for economic transformation and national modernization, the BDS is in place to serve and support Sudan’s economic and social development in aspects of agriculture, animal husbandry, transportation, disaster prevention and mitigation, resources and energy.
农牧业生产方面，苏丹是农牧业大国，全国人口的65%生活在农村，其中三分之二人口从事农牧业生产，贡献了1/3的GDP和近40%的就业。基于北斗的农机作业监管平台可对农作物、天气、灾害等状况进行实时监测，实现“智慧农耕”，能够提高5%精细农业产量，节约10%农机油耗，大幅提高农业生产效率并降低生产成本。北斗还可为牧民放牧提供精准定位、实时导航和灾害预警等服务，实现“智慧放牧”。
In terms of agriculture and animal husbandry, Sudan is an agrarian and animal-husbandry country, with 65% of its population living in rural areas including two thirds of the population that work in the agriculture and animal husbandry industries. Agriculture and animal husbandry account for one third of the country’s GDP and contribute to 40% of its employment. The BDS-based agricultural machinery operation monitoring platform can realize real-time monitoring of crops, weather, disasters and other circumstances, making “smart farming” possible. As a result, the output of precision farming could be increased by 5% and the agricultural machinery fuel consumption cut by 10%, which means much higher efficiency of agricultural production and lower production costs. Moreover, the BDS underpins “smart livestock farming” by providing precise positioning, real-time navigation and disaster early warning services for herdsmen.
交通运输方面，苏丹幅员辽阔，拥有多样而复杂的全国交通网络。北斗系统可广泛应用于重点运输过程监控、公路基础设施安全监控、港口高精度实时定位调度等领域，并为交通要道的建设、运营、调度、维护、应急全流程提供智能化服务，可有效提升监控管理效率和道路运输安全水平。据统计，近几年中国应用北斗卫星导航系统后，道路运输重特大事故发生起数和死亡失踪人数均下降了50%。
In the aspect of transport, Sudan, a country with vast territory, has a complicated national transport network involving different means of transport. The BDS could be widely leveraged in such fields as monitoring of key transportation processes, monitoring of highway infrastructure safety, and high-precision real-time positioning and dispatch at ports, and provide smart services for the construction, operation, dispatching and maintenance of traffic arteries and throughout the process of emergency response. In this way, it will effectively enhance the monitoring management efficiency and ensure higher safety of road transportation. Statistics show that both the number of major and extremely serious road transportation accidents that occurred in China and the number of dead and missing caused thereby drop by 50% after China has put the BDS into application several years ago.
防灾减灾方面，与中国长江中下游地区类似，苏丹也常年受到洪涝灾害的困扰。北斗系统出色的水文监测和气象预报功能可提供高精度、实时性和自动化的灾情预报，为制定防洪调度方案提供重要支持。北斗的灾害预警速报、救灾指挥调度、快速应急通信等应用，可极大提高灾害应急救援的反应速度和决策能力。
When it comes to disaster prevention and mitigation, Sudan is a country haunted by flooding all the year round, the same problem suffered by areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The BDS’s prominent features of hydrologic monitoring and weather forecast make it possible to issue high-precision alerts to disaster risks in real time and automatically. This will provide crucial support in drawing up flood control operation plans. BDS’s application in disaster warning and quick report, disaster relief command and dispatch, and rapid emergency communication, can greatly improve the response time and decision-making capability of the disaster emergency response.
资源能源方面，苏丹地大物博，能矿资源丰富，北斗的导航定位和短报文通信产品可广泛应用于石油勘探、管线监测、电力调度、电网巡检等生产运营环节，能够显著提升资源能源项目的管理效率和应急响应能力。
In terms of resources and energy, Sudan boasts rich energy and mineral resources on its vast territory. Through the navigation, positioning and short message communication services, the BDS is widely applicable in oil exploration, pipeline monitoring, power dispatching, power grid inspections, and other production and operation activities, and is able to improve markedly the management efficiency and emergency response capabilities in resource and energy projects.
阿拉伯谚语说“独行快，众行远”。中国秉持“中国的北斗，世界的北斗”理念，愿与各国开展国际合作，使北斗卫星导航系统更好地帮助包括苏丹在内的“一带一路”沿线国家、非洲和阿拉伯国家建设发展，更好地服务全球、造福人类。
As an Arabian proverb goes, “If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.” Under the principle that the BDS is developed by China and dedicated to the world, China stands ready to pursue international cooperation with the rest of the world, in a bid to make the BDS more favorable to the construction and development of countries along the Belt and Road route and African and Arab countries including Sudan and to better serve the world and benefit mankind.