中国经济是大海而不是小池塘
The Chinese Economy Is Not a Pond, But an Ocean
驻尼日利亚大使周平剑就美升级贸易摩擦发表署名文章
Nigerian Newspaper Business Day Published an article Written by Ambassador of China to Nigeria Dr. Zhou Pingjian
2019年9月1日
1 September 2019
近来，尼日利亚媒体都在关注中美经贸谈判。
6月底，中美两国元首在大阪就中美经贸问题达成了共识。双方同意在平等和相互尊重的基础上重启经贸磋商。美方表示不再对中国出口产品加征新的关税。两国经贸团队将就具体问题进行讨论。
At the end of June, the Chinese and US Presidents reached the following consensus in Osaka during the G20 Summit: Restart trade consultations on the basis of equality and mutual respect; no new tariffs on Chinese exports by the US side; negotiation teams ready to discuss specific issues thereafter.
7月底，中美在上海举行了第12轮经贸高级别磋商，并约定将在8月进行密集磋商，为9月牵头人会面做准备。
At the end of July, China and the US held the 12th round of high-level economic and trade negotiations in Shanghai. Both sides agreed to undertake intensive talks in August in preparation for the meeting between the heads of negotiation teams in September.
言犹在耳，磋商甫一结束，美方就突然变卦，单方面声称将对3000亿美元中国输美商品加征10%的关税。随后又罔顾事实将中国列为“汇率操纵国”。这显然与之前两国元首达成的共识不符，背离正确轨道，也再次让世界见识到美方的出尔反尔、言而无信。
Though we still recall those words vividly, soon after the Shanghai negotiations, the US went back on its word and unilaterally announced an additional 10 per cent tariff on US$300 billion worth of Chinese goods as well as designated China as currency manipulator ignoring the facts. It clearly runs counter to the leaders’ consensus and the correct direction. This again shows the world how flip-flopping the US can be.
尤为滑稽的是，美方还再次玩起颠倒黑白、倒打一耙的把戏，指责中国未履行采购美国农产品、阻止向美出售芬太尼等承诺。但大阪会晤后至7月底，已有227万吨美国大豆新装船运往中国。自5月1日起，中国开始对芬太尼类物质实施比美国更严格的整类列管措施。至于所谓“汇率操纵国”，国际货币基金组织（IMF）最新国别报告明确指出，2018年中国经常账户顺差仅为国内生产总值（GDP）的0.4%，这远低于美国定义“汇率操纵国”3%的标准。“汇率操纵国”根本是无稽之谈。
What is more ridiculous is that the US calls black white and tells lies, accusing China of failing to fulfill its commitment to purchase American agricultural products and take effective measures to stop the flow of fentanyl into the US. However, from the Osaka meeting till the end of July, 2.27 million tons of American soybeans have been shipped to China. From May 1, China started class scheduling of all fentanyl-like substance with more rigorous standards than the US. As for the so-called currency manipulator, in the report released by the IMF this July, China’s current account surplus was only 0.4 percent of GDP in 2018, which is far below the American criteria (an overall current account surplus over 3 percent of the country’s annual GDP) for what constitutes manipulation. So designating China as currency manipulator is an absolutely groundless statement.
中国人一向讲究“君子一言，驷马难追”。两千多年前，孔老夫子就教育我们要“言必信，行必果”。这是我们的文化传统，也是我们的为人处事之道。中国在遵守国际条约、履行国际义务方面，有着很好的信誉记录。
We Chinese always believe that one’s word shall be kept at all costs. As Confucius observed over 2000 years ago, “One must keep one’s word with results-oriented actions.” This is part of our cultural tradition and a way of life for the Chinese people. When it comes to abiding by international treaties and fulfilling international obligations, China has a very good track record.
倒是美国，动辄就违背承诺、推翻共识、践踏规则。远的，比如说美国退出《巴黎气候协定》、退出《伊朗核问题全面协议》，就不说了；近的，美国刚刚退出《中导条约》。美方就事关全球战略平衡与稳定作出的重大承诺，说反悔就反悔，有何信誉可言？
The US, on the contrary, has been breaking commitments, overturning consensus and trampling on rules at every turn. Just look at its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, the JCPOA, and more recently, the INF treaty. It never hesitates to renege on its earlier major commitments that bear on global strategic balance and stability. Does it have even a shred of credibility left?
美方进一步提高对中国输美商品关税税率，严重违背两国元首大阪会晤共识，践踏多边贸易规则，损害中美两国利益，威胁全球产业链供应链安全，拖累国际贸易和世界经济增长，完全是损人害己，丝毫不具建设性。
The US decision to further raise tariffs violates the two presidents’ Osaka consensus, tramples on multilateral trading rules, harms both countries’ interests, threatens the security of the global industrial chain and supply chain, and drags down global trade and world economic growth. It is not constructive in any way and no one, not even the US itself, stands to gain.
更重要的是，美方希望通过贸易战解决自身国内问题，无异于饮鸩止渴。事实上，就在美方宣称将对中国输美商品加征新一轮关税后，美国三大股指集体下挫。4家美国大型零售贸易组织第一时间提出批评和反对，表示美国关税战略已导致美国经济放缓，造成不确定性；新一轮措施是将美家庭作为贸易战谈判人质；美国家庭不应沦为美国政府打贸易战的棋子；征税对美消费者打击将远远大于中国制造商。
What’s more, resorting to a trade war to fix its domestic problems, the US is in fact drinking poison to quench its thirst. After the US announced the imposition of additional tariffs on $300 billion worth of Chinese goods, the three major US stock indexes all closed lower. Four large US retail trade groups immediately made statements to voice criticism and opposition, saying the tariffs have already slowed down the US economy and caused uncertainties. The new round of tariffs is using American families as a hostage in the trade war negotiations. American families should not be a pawn in this trade war. The tariffs will hit US consumers far harder than Chinese manufacturers.
中美建交40年来，两国经济已经形成你中有我、我中有你的利益格局和互惠互利关系。目前，美国企业在华年销售额达7000亿美元，利润超过500亿美元。如果仅是一方受益，一方“吃亏”，就不可能形成今天这种中美之间高度互补、深度融合的互利互惠关系。强行让中美经济“脱钩”，势必威胁全球产业链供应链安全，引发国际金融市场动荡，危及国际贸易和世界经济增长。这种做法与市场经济规律相违背、与自由竞争规则相违背、与经济全球化潮流相违背，必将遭到包括美国企业在内的所有利益攸关方的强烈质疑和反对。
40 years after China and the US established diplomatic relations, the two economies have developed a mutually-beneficial relationship with intertwined interests. US companies’ annual sales in China stand at more than $700 billion and their profits reach more than $50 billion. If one side has been ripping the other off, it would not have been possible to have the highly-complementary, deeply-integrated and mutually-beneficial relationship that we have today. Deliberately “decoupling” the two is bound to threaten the security of the global industrial chain and supply chain, give rise to fluctuations in the global financial market and hamper global trade and world economic growth. It would be going against market economy laws, free competition rules and the trend of economic globalization. All stakeholders, including US businesses, will be sure to question and oppose such a move.
中国不接受任何极限施压和恐吓讹诈，在重大原则问题上我们一寸也不会退让。关于中美经贸磋商，中方立场始终如一：谈，我们大门敞开；打，我们坚决奉陪到底。是打还是谈，现在球在美国一方。现在需要美方展现诚信。现在全世界的眼光都在看着美国。
China does not accept any maximum pressure, threat or blackmail. On major issues concerning our principles, we won’t back down even a little bit. China’s position on China-US trade talks is consistent as always. If the US wants to talk, our door is wide open. But if it insists on a trade war, we will fight to the end with firm resolve. Now the ball is in the US court. It needs to demonstrate good faith. The world is watching.
中华人民共和国成立70年来经济社会发展取得巨大成就，内需已经成为增长的主要动力，发展运筹的空间十分宽广。外商在华投资营商环境也持续得到改善，中国已经连续多年成为世界各国企业最为青睐的投资目的地之一。今年1至5月，德国、韩国、日本、英国对华投资分别增长100.8%、88.1%、18.9%、9.2%，欧盟对华投资整体增长29.5%。在非洲，今年1至5月中国同尼日利亚双边贸易额达到70.5亿美元，同比增长22.4%。企业选择在哪个国家投资营商，选择谁作为合作伙伴，自然会根据自身利益和市场原则作出商业决定，不是什么人一两句话就能左右的。所谓美国企业撤出中国，更像是一句政治口号，而不是务实举措。即使在现实中发生，自然也会有别人来填缺补位，到头来受损的还将是美国。
Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, enormous achievements have been made in economic and social development in China. Domestic consumption has become the major driving force for economic growth, giving it much leeway in formulating development strategies. At the same time, as foreign investment environment keeps improving, China has become one of the most popular destinations for global investment for many consecutive years. In the first five months of this year, investment from Germany, the ROK, Japan, the UK and the EU in China increased by 100.8 percent, 88.1 percent, 18.9 percent, 9.2 percent and 29.5 percent respectively. As for Africa, the bilateral trade volume between China and Nigeria also soared to 7.05 billion dollars in the first half of 2019, 22.4 percent higher than the previous year. When choosing investment destinations and business partners, enterprises make decisions based on their own interests and market principles rather than empty words from certain persons. The so-called US businesses pulling out of China sounds more like a political slogan than a practical measure. Even if the pullout actually happens, others will naturally fill the vacancy. At the end of the day, it’s still the US that will suffer.
开放带来进步，封闭必然落后。中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。习近平主席在第二届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式主旨演讲中宣布，中国将采取一系列重大改革开放举措，加强制度性、结构性安排，促进更高水平对外开放，包括更广领域扩大外资市场准入、更大力度加强知识产权保护国际合作、更大规模增加商品和服务进口、更加有效实施国际宏观经济政策协调、更加重视对外开放政策贯彻落实。一个更加开放的中国，将同世界形成更加良性的互动，带来更加进步和繁荣的中国和世界。
President Xi Jinping announced in his keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation that China would adopt a number of major reform and opening-up measures, strengthen institutional and structural arrangements, and promote opening up at a higher level. Measures to be taken include expanding market access for foreign investment in broader areas, strengthening international cooperation on intellectual property protection, increasing imports of goods and services, implementing more effective international coordination on macro-economic policies, and putting more focus on the implementation of opening-up policies. A more open China will have more positive interactions with the world, which in turn will advance the development and prosperity of both China and the world.
正如去年11月习主席在首届中国国际进口博览会开幕式上的主旨演讲中指出，“中国是世界第二大经济体，有13亿多人口的大市场，有960多万平方公里的国土，中国经济是一片大海，而不是一个小池塘。大海有风平浪静之时，也有风狂雨骤之时。没有风狂雨骤，那就不是大海了。狂风骤雨可以掀翻小池塘，但不能掀翻大海。经历了无数次狂风骤雨，大海依旧在那儿！经历了5000多年的艰难困苦，中国依旧在这儿！面向未来，中国将永远在这儿！”
As President Xi stated at the Opening Ceremony of the First China International Import Expo last November, “China is the world’s second largest economy. We have a market of more than 1.3 billion consumers who live on the land of over 9.6 million square kilometers. To use a metaphor, the Chinese economy is not a pond, but an ocean. The ocean may have its calm days, but big winds and storms are only to be expected. Without them, the ocean wouldn’t be what it is. Big winds and storms may upset a pond, but never an ocean. Having experienced numerous winds and storms, the ocean will still be there! It is the same for China. After going through 5,000 years of trials and tribulations, China is still here! Looking ahead, China will always be here to stay!”
任何挑战都挡不住中国前进的步伐！
No challenge will hold back China’s development.