中国绝不会向经济霸凌行径低头
China Will Never Surrender to Economic Bullying
驻立陶宛大使申知非在立论坛网发表署名文章
Lithuanian Media Publish a Signed Article by Ambassador Shen Zhifei Entitle
2019年6月18日
18 June 2019
近期，中美贸易摩擦成为全球媒体关注焦点，立陶宛媒体也发表了许多评论，认为中美“贸易战”升级不仅事关中美两国，而且将殃及欧洲、殃及立陶宛。
Recently, China-US trade friction has been the focus of global media. There are also quite some coverage on the issue by the Lithuanian media, mostly concerned that the “trade war” not only has a bearing to China and the US, but will ultimately have EU and Lithuania involved.
毋庸讳言，美国政府对华采取的一系列极端贸易保护措施，损害的不仅仅是中美两国利益，势必将波及欧洲等世界各国，严重破坏国际经济秩序，冲击全球价值链和国际分工体系，引发国际金融和大宗商品市场剧烈震荡，已成为全球经济复苏的最大不确定因素和风险源。今年以来，世界银行和国际货币基金组织分别下调2019年全球经济增长预期，并表示经贸摩擦可能会进一步抑制全球经济增长，继续削弱本已疲软的投资。
No doubt, a series of extreme trade protectionist measures taken by the US against China have harmed not only the interests of China and the US, but is also bound to spread to other parts of the world including Europe. It has seriously undermined international economic order, disrupted global value chain and the international division of labor, and led to violent swings in the international financial and commodity markets, becoming the greatest source of uncertainty and risk for the recovery of the global economy. Since this year, Word Bank and International Monetary Fund have lowed the expectation of global economic growth in 2019, stating that the China-US trade friction could further hurt global economy and curb the already weak investment.
美国奉行“美国优先”和贸易保护主义，关税和制裁“大棒”同样地挥向了其盟友。近一年来，美与欧盟围绕钢铝产品、汽车及其零部件以及航空业补贴问题摩擦不断。日前，双方先后开出价值约110亿美元和200亿美元的商品清单，威胁向对方加征关税。近日，特朗普总统签署行政命令，自6月5日起终止对印度的发展中国家普惠制待遇。路透社评价称，这不仅是特朗普上台以来对印度采取的最严厉惩罚，还将在全球贸易战中开辟一条新战线。为了应对美国的贸易保护主义行为，其他国家不得不采取反制措施，这将进一步导致全球经贸秩序紊乱，阻碍全球经济复苏，殃及世界各国企业和居民，使全球经济落入“衰退陷阱”。
Trumpeting “America First” and trade protectionism, the US administration has also wielded tariffs and sanctions as a “big stick” against its allies. There have been trade frictions and tensions between the US and EU in the past year, ranging from steel and aluminum products, automobiles and auto-parts to subsidies to aircraft manufacturers. In recent days, the US and EU have threatened to impose tariffs on each other’s import respectively worth of $11 billion and $20 billion. The Trump administration also announced that the US ended special trade treatment for India, removing a status that exempts billions of dollars of the country's products from US tariffs from June 5th. The Reuters commented that it is not only the most severe punishment on India since Donald Trump took office, but has also broken new ground on the battlefield of international trade war. Other countries have to take countermeasures in response to the trade protectionist practices of the US, further disrupting global economic and trade order, dampening world economic recovery, and undermining the development of companies and the well-being of people in all countries, plunging the world economy into the “recession trap”.
在经济全球化的今天，各国经济你中有我、我中有你，特别是大型经济体之间存在紧密的相互联系，是互利共赢的合作关系。美方宣称对华贸易逆差超过5000亿美元、美国“吃亏”了。事实上，美对华贸易逆差是产业竞争力、经济结构、国际分工、贸易政策、货币供给等多种客观因素影响的结果。中美双边贸易中，顺差在中国，利益在双方。中国是美国重要出口市场，美对华出口为美国创造了大量就业。2019年5月美中贸易全国委员会发布的《2019年各州对华出口报告》指出“2009年至2018年10年间，美国对华出口支撑了超过110万个美国就业岗位，中国市场对美国经济至关重要”。更重要的是，美方从中美贸易中获利丰厚。中国对美货物贸易顺差中，54%来自外资企业，53%来自加工贸易。中国从加工贸易中只赚取少量加工费，而美国从设计、零部件供应、营销等环节获益巨大。美自华进口大量质优价廉的产品，才得以维持较低的通胀率，提高了美民众实际购买力，增加蓝领工人等中低收入群体福利。
Thanks to economic globalization today, economies, particularly the larger ones, are highly interdependent featuring mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation. The US claim it is “losing” in that its trade deficit with China exceeded $ 500 billion. As a matter of fact, the trade deficit with China results from both artificially-imposed restrictions, such as export control, and market forces, including industrial competitiveness, economic structure, trade policies, the position of the US dollar as reserve currency, etc. Although China had a trade surplus, the bilateral trade benefits both sides. China has also stood as a major market for US export, creating large amounts of job opportunities in the US. According to a report released by the US-China Business Council in May 2019, U.S. exports to China supported more than 1.1 million American jobs from 2009 to 2018, reflecting the significance of China to the U.S. economy. More importantly, the US has also reaped enormous benefits from its trade with China. 54 percent of China’s goods trade surplus from the United States was generated by foreign firms and 53 percent of the surplus came from processing trade. China only earned limited processing charges while the United States accumulated huge benefits from designing, parts supply and marketing. By trading with China, the United States imported a huge amount of high-quality products at low prices, and therefore managed to keep comparatively low inflation and raise the real purchasing power of the American people, especially the low and middle-income cohort.
中方始终坚持通过对话协商解决分歧，始终抱着最大的耐心和诚意，推进中美经贸磋商。面对美方关税威胁，中方最大程度体现了推动谈判的诚意和善意。然而，每当双方即将达成协议，美方采取霸凌主义态度和极限施压手段，坚持不合理的高要价，坚持不取消经贸摩擦以来加征的全部关税，坚持在协议中写入涉及中国主权事务的强制性要求，妄图逼迫中方接受不可能接受的方案。美国甚至动用国家力量无端打压中国民营企业华为，将华为列入美商务部“实体名单”，妄图切断华为供应链，更是典型的经济霸凌行径。
China is always committed to handling differences and disputes through dialogues and consultations, conducting multiple rounds of talks with the US administration with utmost sincerity and patience. Even threatened with tariff hike by the US, China has demonstrated complete sincerity and sat down for earnest consultations. However, every time when the two sides are drawing close to a negotiated solution, the US resorted to intimidation and coercion, persisted with exorbitant demands, maintained the additional tariffs imposed since the friction began, and insisted on including mandatory requirements concerning China’s sovereign affairs in the deal, in an effort to impose on China a solution that is totally unacceptable. The US has gone as far as to mount a groundless crackdown against the Chinese private-owned company Huawei. Using its state power, the US has placed Huawei on the so-called “entity list” and tried to sever its supply chain, which is typically economic bullying.
中美作为世界上最大的两个经济体，合作是唯一正确选择，共赢才能通向更好的未来。中美达成一个互利双赢的协议，既符合中美两国利益，也顺应世界各国期待。但是，磋商是有原则的，需要建立在相互尊重、平等互利的基础上。在中美贸易磋商中，美咄咄逼人，极限施压，强迫中方作出重大原则让步，这样的谈判不会取得成功。中方的态度是一贯的：谈，大门敞开；打，奉陪到底。对于“贸易战”，中方不愿打，但也不怕打，必要时不得不打。
For China and the US, the two biggest economies of the world, cooperation is the only correct choice and win-win is the only path to a better future. Striking a mutually beneficial and win-win agreement not only serves the interests of China and the US but also meets the expectations of the world. However, consultations has to be based on principles as well as built on mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit. Negotiations will get nowhere if the US puts “extreme pressure” and tries to coerce China into giving ground on issues of principle. China has been consistent and clear on its position, that China is open to negotiation, but will also fight to the end if needed. China does not want a “trade war”, neither is afraid of one and will have to fight one if necessary.
无论形势如何发展变化，中国都将坚持做好自己的事情。美国发起的贸易战短期内会给中国经济带来一定冲击，但作为世界最大的制造业生产基地和人口规模最大的消费市场，中国经济抵御风浪的韧性足，回旋余地大。今年以来，中国经济运行总体平稳，第一季度中国经济同比增长6.4%，超出预期。当前，中国正不断积极完善创新政策体系，持续增加研发投入，大力培养创新人才，全方位加强国际科技创新合作。中国每年科技研发支出占GDP比重逾2%，已成为引领世界创新发展的重要国家。全球企业国际专利申请排名状况显示，中国有三家企业进入前十名，其中华为以5405件的数量排名第一。中国科技企业技术创新，其专利属于中国，但创新成果属于全世界，惠及全人类。
China remains committed to its own cause no matter how the external environment changes. The trade war provoked by the US might have an impact on the economy of China in the short term. However, as the biggest manufacturing base and consumer market with the largest population, China’s economy is hugely resilient and has enormous potential and ample room for growth. China has maintained a steady economic growth this year, with the first quarter registering a 6.4% growth that is higher than expected. At present, China is actively improving policies in support of innovation, increasing the R&D input, fostering talent and strengthening international cooperation in the field of science and technology innovation. China’s spending on science and technology R&D has exceeded 2% of GDP and has grown into a leading country in global innovation. According to Patent Cooperation Treaty Yearly Review 2018, ten Chinese enterprises stand among the top 10 international patent applicants, with Huawei at the first place recording 5,405 published PCT applications. Those patents have been filed by Chinese enterprises, yet the outcomes of their innovations are to be shared around the world and benefit the mankind.
正如习近平主席所指出：“中国将旗帜鲜明推进经济全球化进程，维护多边贸易体制，致力解决世界经济发展不平衡不平等问题”。中国将继续深化改革开放，继续做世界自由贸易体系和经济全球化的坚定支持者，继续为构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体作出不懈努力。中国的大门不会关上，只会越开越大。中国宣布的缩减外资准入负面清单、扩大金融业等领域开放、加强知识产权保护等举措，正在加快落实到位。中国已成为对外投资大国，鼓励有信誉、有实力的企业有序开展境外投资。中国积极扩大进口，去年以来连续4次主动下调关税，关税总水平降至7.5%，在世界上属于中低水平。中国还将进一步提升通关便利化水平，明显降低通关成本，提高通关效率。一个更加开放的中国，将同世界形成更加良性的互动，带来更加进步和繁荣的中国和世界。
As President Xi Jinping points out, “China has been firmly putting forward the process of economic globalization, maintaining multilateral trade system, and committed to address the problem of inequality and imbalance in global economic development. “China will continue to deepen reform and opening up, be a strong supporter of free trade system and economic globalization, and make unremitting efforts in building a new type of international relations and a community with a shared future for humanity”. China’s door will not be closed; it will only open even wider. We are expediting the implementation of the measures announced, including shortening the negative list on market access for foreign investors, further opening up the financial and other sectors, and strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights. China has grown into a major international investor. We will encourage credible and capable Chinese enterprises to invest overseas in an orderly fashion. China has actively expanded import from other countries. Since last year, we have voluntarily cut tariffs four times, bringing the overall tariff level down to 7.5 percent, a lower middle level in the world. We will also further improve the facilitation of customs clearance to significantly reduce cost and improve efficiency. A more open China will further integrate itself into the world and deliver greater progress and prosperity for both China and the world at large.