互利共赢是中美合作之道
China-U.S. Trade Must Benefit Both Nations
驻加拿大大使卢沙野在加《多伦多星报》发表署名文章
Ambassador Lu Shaye Published a Signed Article on “TORONTO STAR”
2019年4月5日
5 April 2019
近期，中美贸易谈判吸引全球目光。加拿大及其他一些西方国家媒体关注美国是否能在“结构性改革”、知识产权保护、“强制技术转让”、政府补贴等问题上迫使中国作出实质性让步。然而，所有这些议题的背后都藏着一个谬误，需要予以澄清。
Recently, trade negotiations between China and the US have been drawing global attention. Whether the US can force China to make substantial concessions on “structural reform” “intellectual property protection”, “forced technology transfer” and government subsidies became a focus of the media in Canada and other Western countries. However, it is a must to clarify the fallacies hidden behind the above issues.
所谓“结构性改革”具有很强的迷惑性。它与中国正在大力推进的供给侧结构性改革具有本质不同。中国的结构性改革目的是提高经济增长的质量。而美国要求的结构性改革则是要改变中国的根本经济制度。选择什么样的经济制度是一个国家的主权。40年改革开放巨大成就已经证明了中国特色社会主义经济制度的优越性。要求中国弃之不用，就是要中国自废“武功”，自行削弱国际竞争力。中国政府不会干这种傻事。
The so-called “structural reform” is highly confusing. There are essential differences between it and the supply-side structural reform China is vigorously promoting. China’s supply-side structural reform aims to improve the quality of economic growth, while the “structural reform” required by the US is intended to change China’s fundamental economic system. Every country has the right to decide its own economic system. The superiority of socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics has been proven by great achievements over the 40 years of reform and opening up. Asking China to abandon the system is nothing short of misleading China into giving up its specialties and cutting its international competitiveness. The Chinese government will never be tricked.
所谓扭曲市场的政府补贴。只要认真看看中国定期向世贸组织提交的补贴政策通报就能发现，作为一个发展中国家，中国补贴政策严格遵守对世贸组织的承诺，并没有造成市场扭曲和不公平竞争。各国都可以在世贸规则下进行适当补贴。不能只许自己对农业进行巨额补贴，而阻止别人享受世贸规则赋予的权利。
As for the so-called government subsidies that distort market competition, it is easy to find from the subsidy policies of which China regularly notified WTO, that China, as a developing country, has honored its commitments to WTO in terms of subsidy policies, and did not cause market distortion or unfair competition. Every country is allowed to provide subsidies in line with WTO rules; but no country shall prevent others from the rights conferred under WTO rules while affording immense amount of subsidies for its own agriculture.
所谓强制技术转让是个伪命题。中国没有强制要求外商投资企业转让技术的法律。企业间开展技术合作是国际通行做法，不应当把中外企业基于市场规则和自愿原则进行的正常技术交易贴上强制技术转让的标签。一如指责华为5G设备存在安全风险一样，美国指责中国强制技术转让时没有拿出任何证据。中国没有强制技术转让，美国却有强制技术封锁。这是典型的保护主义做法。美国打知识产权保护牌并非为了保护创新，而是通过构筑专利壁垒，阻止其他国家科技进步，好让美国永远垄断高科技行业，成为坐收高昂专利费的食利者。
As for the so-called forced technology transfer, it is in fact a pseudo-proposition. China did not introduce a single law that demands technology transfer from Foreign-funded enterprises. Technological cooperation among enterprises is a common practice internationally, therefore the regular technology transactions made between Chinese and foreign enterprises as voluntary market conducts should not be labeled as forced technology transfer. Just as when hyping up “security risks” posed by Huawei’s 5G equipment, the US again, failed to produce any proof as it accused China of forcing technology transfer. While China does not commit forced technology transfer, the US does have it way of forced technology block, a typical practice of protectionism. The US does not protect intellectual property rights for better innovation, but to erect patent barriers that help impede technology development of other nations so that the US will perpetually monopolize the high-tech industries and feed on huge patent fees.
美国还一再指责中国不遵守国际规则。这顶帽子扣不到中国头上。中国履行了所有入世承诺，是遵守国际规则的模范。如果美国认为中国不遵守世贸规则，它完全可以到世贸组织告中国。它非但没有这样做，反而要杀死世贸组织。因为它知道中国是由于遵守世贸规则才发展得这么好，如想遏制中国发展势头，就要改变现有规则。其实，美国才是“修正主义”国家。
The US has repeatedly accused China of not abiding by international rules. This is also an unfounded accusation. China has been faithfully fulfilling all of its WTO accession commitments and is a paragon of abiding by international rules. Should the US find that China fails to do so, it can certainly sue China at WTO. However, instead of taking such actions, the US threatens to kill WTO, being well aware that the prosperity of China lies in following WTO rules. The US has realized that to curb the development momentum of China, it must change the existing rules. To some extent, the US is a “Revisionist power”.
中国不会停止改革的脚步，但中国的改革到底改什么？怎么改？必须以是否符合完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总目标为根本尺度。该改的、能改的我们坚决改。不该改的、不能改的我们坚决不改。相信中美经贸谈判将会也只能在互利双赢基础上达成协议。
China will not stop its pace of reform. What to reform and how to go about the reform must be consistent with the overarching goal of improving and developing the system of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and modernizing China’s governance system and capacity. We will resolutely reform what should and can be reformed, and make no change where there should not and cannot be any reform. We believe an agreement of trade negotiations between China and the US will and can only be reached on the basis of mutual benefit and win-win results.