高举多边主义旗帜
Upholding Multilateralism
驻英国大使刘晓明在英《名流》杂志发表署名文章
The British Magazine FIRST Publishes a Signed Article by Ambassador Liu Xiaoming
2018年11月29日
November 9, 2018
二十国集团峰会即将在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯召开。今年是二十国集团机制启动10周年，也是二十国集团峰会首次在南美洲举行。当前，经济全球化遭遇逆风，单边主义和保护主义上升，世界将何去何从，这是二十国集团要回答的重大问题，也是全球瞩目的焦点。我认为，二十国集团应当并能够在以下三个方面发挥重要作用。
Amid raging anti-globalisation and rising unilateralism and protectionism, people are wondering where the world should be going. Countries are looking to the upcoming G20 Summit in Buenos Aires, which will be the tenth ever held and the first one in South America, for an answer. In my opinion, G20 should and can play an important role in three areas.
一是捍卫世界多边主义的“主阵地”。二十国集团在国际金融危机肆虐中应运而生。十年来，二十国集团成为各国共商发展大策、共同完善全球治理体系的重要阵地。发达国家和发展中国家代表平等协商、平等决策，这本身就体现了多边主义的胜利。历史证明，坚持多边主义、打造利益共同体，符合时代潮流和各国共同利益。中国始终主张以合作共赢为目标，构建新型国际关系；以国际法和国际规则为依据，以多边机制为依托，平等协商解决争议问题；以改革为导向，完善全球治理体系。我期待二十国集团就维护多边主义发出清晰信息，引领经济全球化朝着正确方向发展。
First, it is a “major battlefield” for safeguarding multilateralism. G20 was set up ten years ago in response to the ravaging international financial crisis. Today, G20 is an important venue for consultation and decision-making on issues of development and global governance by developed and developing countries alike on an equal footing. This definitely signifies the victory of multilateralism. History has shown that multilateralism conforms to the trend of the times and serves the common interests of all countries. That is why China believes in building a new type of state-to-state relations featuring win-win cooperation, resolving differences through equal-footed consultation in multilateral institutions based on international law and rules, and improving the global governance system through reforms. I hope that G20 will send a clear message that it upholds multilateralism so as to lead economic globalisation in the right direction.
二是加强经济金融治理的“主平台”。二十国集团是公认的全球经济治理主要平台。二十国集团人口占全球三分之二，面积占60%，国内生产总值占85%，贸易额占80%，在引领全球经济合作中发挥着举足轻重的作用。二十国集团成立之初，各国联手采取货币财政政策，推动国际金融机构改革，使世界经济走出金融危机、重新走上稳定和复苏的轨道。当前，世界经济面临的风险和不确定性增多，不平等不均衡问题突出，贸易保护主义愈演愈烈。值此关键时刻，二十国集团更应秉持“同舟共济”的伙伴精神，肩负起提振全球信心的责任，推动世界经济实现强劲、可持续、平衡、包容增长。
Second, G20 is a “major platform” for strengthening economic and financial governance. With its members accounting for two thirds of the global population, 60 per cent of the world’s land, 85 per cent of the global GDP and 80 per cent of world trade volume, G20 plays an indispensable role in providing guidance to global economic cooperation. In the early years of G20 its members coordinated their fiscal and financial policies and promoted reforms in the international financial institutions. These efforts have successfully led the world out of the financial crisis and back on the track of stability and recovery. Now is a new critical moment. As the world economy faces increasing risks and uncertainties, striking inequality and imbalance, and surging protectionism, it is all the more important that G20 should uphold the spirit of partnership, shore up global confidence and work for robust, sustainable, balanced and inclusive world economic growth.
三是解决全球发展问题的“主渠道”。当今世界面临的很多问题，归根结底都是发展问题。二十国集团有一半成员是发展中国家，代表的是广大发展中国家的利益。二十国集团有责任通过推动世界经济增长为发展中国家创造更多机遇，通过加强国际发展合作为发展中国家提供更多支持。应继续把发展问题置于全球宏观政策协调的突出位置，落实好《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》，保障广大发展中国家谋求发展的政策空间，为发展中国家消除贫困、打破瓶颈、实现发展提供新动力。
Third, G20 is a “major channel” for addressing issues of global development. Many of problems facing the world boil down to insufficient development. With half of its member being developing countries, G20 represents the interests of the vast majority of developing countries and thus has the obligation to create more opportunities for them by promoting world economic growth, and to offer them more support by enhancing international cooperation on development. Going forward, G20 should continue to give priority to the issue of development as it coordinates global macro policy. This includes implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, making preferential policies that facilitate development and creating new driving forces for developing countries to eradicate poverty, tackle the bottlenecks and grow their economy.
今年是中国改革开放40周年。改革开放不仅创造了中国发展奇迹，也为世界带来了巨大机遇。中国将进一步扩大对外开放，加强知识产权保护，打造国际一流的营商环境。不久前，根据世界银行报告，中国在过去一年中采取了诸多扩大开放的举措，取得了重大进展，在世界营商环境排名中上升了32名。就在11月，上海成功举办首届中国国际进口博览会，包括英国在内172个国家、地区和国际组织的3600多家企业参展，取得积极成果。今后还将每年举办。这是中方以实际行动促进贸易自由化、主动向世界开放市场的重大举措，得到国际社会广泛欢迎。
In China, forty years of reform and opening up have not only created a development miracle but also created enormous opportunities for the world. Going forward, China will continue to expand opening up, improve IPR protection and foster a world-class business-friendly environment. The numerous measures of further opening up taken over the past year have already led to huge progress. According to the World Bank’s Doing Business 2019 report released recently, China has overtaken 32 countries in the ranking of business environment. Another of China’s concrete efforts to promote trade liberalisation and open up its market to the world is the first-ever China International Import Expo. This Expo, recently opened in Shanghai, has been welcomed by the international community and hugely successful, attracting more than 3,600 companies from over 172 countries, regions and international organizations, including the UK. It will become an annual event.
“志合者，不以山海为远”。中国和英国都是世界重要经济体和二十国集团重要成员国，都是国际经济治理体系的积极参与者、重要贡献者和坚定捍卫者。英国首相梅不久前表示，英国“脱欧”不是拒绝多边主义和国际合作，反对保护主义的最佳方式就是更加开放。在当前形势下，中英更应与二十国集团其他成员一道，坚定反对单边主义和保护主义，坚决维护世界经济秩序和多边贸易体系，坚决捍卫人类共同利益，共同促进全球经济繁荣稳定。
Prime Minister May said that Brexit is “not a rejection of multilateralism or international cooperation”, and that “the best way of resisting protectionism is to ensure that this century is defined by open markets”. Like China, the UK is an influential economy and important member of G20. Both China and the UK are active participants, important contributors and firm defenders of the international economic governance system. As a Chinese adage goes, “Nothing, not even mountains and oceans, can separate people who have common goals and vision”. Under the current circumstances, China and the UK should join hands with other members of G20 to oppose unilateralism and protectionism, uphold the world economic order and the multilateral trade regime, safeguard the common interests of all mankind and promote global prosperity and stability.