Progress Against Tuberculosis ‘at Risk’: WHO

世卫组织：结核病防治进展“岌岌可危”

Urgent action and funding are needed to sustain progress in the global fight against tuberculosis (TB), the UN World Health Organization (WHO) has said, warning that global targets for prevention and treatment “will likely be missed”.

世界卫生组织今天呼吁采取紧急行动，同时提供充足资金，来维持全球抗击结核病的进展，并警告称，全球结核病预防和治疗目标“可能会落空”。

According to the UN health agency, though TB cases fell by 9 per cent and deaths by 14 per cent between 2015 and 2019, access to TB services remains a challenge.

世卫组织的数据显示，尽管2015年至2019年间结核病病例减少了9%，死亡人数下降了14%，但获得结核病治疗服务仍然是一个挑战。

“Equitable access to quality and timely diagnosis, prevention, treatment and care remains a challenge”, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO, said in a news release announcing the findings.

世卫组织总干事谭德赛在宣布这一结论时表示，公平获得高质量和及时的诊断、预防、治疗和护理仍然是一项挑战。

“Accelerated action is urgently needed worldwide if we are to meet our targets by 2022,” he urged.

他指出，如果人们要在2022年实现目标，就迫切需要在全球范围内加快行动。

Caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and most often affecting the lungs, TB spreads through the air when people with the disease cough, sneeze or spit. In spite of being a curable disease, many people die from TB and it is a leading cause of death of people living with HIV.

结核病由结核杆菌引起，最常影响肺部，当患者咳嗽、打喷嚏或吐痰时，结核杆菌会通过空气传播。尽管它是一种可以治愈的疾病，但许多人死于结核病，也是艾滋病毒携带者死亡的主要原因。

Approximately 90 percent of those who fall sick with the disease each year live in just 30 countries. Most people who develop the disease are adults, and there are more cases among men than women

大约90%的患者生活在30个国家。大多数患这种疾病的人都是成年人，男性病例比女性多。

 

Challenges

严峻的挑战

In 2019, approximately 1.4 million people died from TB-related illnesses, and of the estimated 10 million people who developed the disease that year, some 3 million were not diagnosed or were not officially reported to national authorities, according to WHO.

世卫组织的数据显示，2019年约有140万人死于结核病相关疾病，在当年估计患有结核病的1000万人中，约有300万人没有得到诊断或没有向所在国正式报告。

The situation is even more acute for people with drug-resistant TB. About 465,000 people were newly diagnosed with drug-resistant TB in 2019 and, of these, over 60 per cent were not able to access treatment.

对于耐药结核病患者来说，情况更加严峻。2019年，约有46.5万人被诊断为耐药结核病，其中超过半数以上的患者无法获得治疗。

There has also been limited progress in scaling up access to treatment to prevent TB, said WHO, adding that funding is a major challenge. In 2020, funding for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care reached $6.5 billion, about half of the $13 billion target agreed by world leaders in 2018.

世卫组织表示，在扩大结核病治疗覆盖面方面也取得了有限的进展，其中资金是一项重大挑战。2020年，用于结核病预防、诊断、治疗和护理的资金达到65亿美元，约为2018年世界领导人商定的130亿美元目标的一半。

In addition, disruptions in services caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have led to further setbacks, said the UN health agency.

此外，新冠病毒病大流行造成的服务中断导致了进一步的挫折。

In many countries, human, financial and other resources have been reallocated from TB to the COVID-19 response, while data collection and reporting systems have also been impacted.

在许多国家，人力、财力和其他资源已从结核病重新分配到新冠疫情应对工作上，同时数据收集和报告系统也受到了影响。

COVID-19 and TB

新冠疫情期间的结核病治疗

In line with WHO guidance, countries have taken measures to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on essential TB services, including by strengthening infection control.

根据世卫组织的指导方针，各国已采取措施减轻新冠疫情对基本结核病服务的影响，包括加强感染控制。

A total of 108 countries – including 21 with a high TB burden – have expanded the use of digital technologies to provide remote advice and support. Countries are also encouraging home-based treatment, providing all-oral treatment as well as preventive treatment, to reduce the need for patients to visit health facilities.

目前，共有108个国家——包括21个结核病负担高的国家——扩大了数字技术的使用，以提供远程咨询和支持。各国还鼓励以家庭为基础的治疗，提供全口服治疗和预防性治疗，以减少患者到卫生机构就诊的需要。

Countries, civil society and other partners have joined forces to ensure that essential services for both TB and COVID-19 are maintained for those in need, said Tereza Kaseva, Director of WHO’s Global TB Programme.

世卫组织全球结核病规划主任卡塞瓦（Tereza Kaseva）表示，各国、民间社会和其他合作伙伴已联手确保为有需要的人维持结核病和新冠病毒病的基本服务。

“These efforts are vital to strengthen health systems, ensure health for all, and save lives,” she added.

她指出，这些努力对于加强卫生系统、确保所有人的健康和拯救生命至关重要。

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