Proposition

命题

A term derived from philosophy, and often used in linguistics as part of a grammatical or semantic analysis. It is normally understood to refer to the sense of a declarative sentence, with all ambiguity, vagueness and deixis resolved, so that a definite truth value may be assigned. An atomic proposition is one which does not have other propositions as parts; it is usually analysed as consisting of a single predicate with an appropriate number of arguments. In possible worlds semantics, a proposition is regarded as a set of possible worlds (or world-time pairs).

原为哲学术语，语言学常用来作语法或语义分析。指形式为简单陈述句的一个陈述，其主要内容构成一个意义单位。命题的分析涉及两个“项”：一个表达单一的动作或状态（谓词），一个是限定这个动作或状态影响所及的一个或多个实体（“名”）。