Prerequisites

前提

A term used in linguistics to refer to the concepts on which an analysis at a specific linguistic level depends. Its main application is in the context of phonological procedures, where the American structuralist view of the 1940s – that phonological analysis should proceed solely on the basis of phonetic criteria – came to be opposed by a view which stressed the importance of ‘grammatical prerequisites’ – the presuppositions about the identity of such notions as word and sentence which had to be made before techniques such as the minimal pair test could be used.

语言学用来指在某一语言学平面作分析所依赖的概念。主要用于音系学程序的讨论。本世纪40年代美国结构主义的观点是音系分析应只以语音标准为前提，后起的对立观点则强调“语法前提”的重要性，例如在应用最小对比这类方法之前须预设已经确认的词和句子之类的概念。