Attested

证实的

A term used in linguistics to refer to a linguistics form for which there is evidence of present or past use. In historical linguistics, for example, attested forms are those which appear in written texts, as opposed to the “reconstructed forms” arrived at by a process of deduction. In studies of contemporary speech, attestation refers to something that is found in actual recorded usage, compared with the hypothetical predictions of grammar or the intuitive (but otherwise unsupported) observations of the linguist.

语言学用来指有现在或过去使用证据的语言形式。例如，历史语言学里的证实形式是有书证的形式，与通过演绎推导得出的“构拟形式”对立。在当代言语的研究中，这个术语指实际记录的用法，区别于语法中的假设或预测形式，或语言学家除语感外没有其他证据的形式。